vocab Flashcards
Nasal epethilium
Serves as a physical barrier
anosmia
loss of smell
Lateral geniculate nucleus
replays visual and auditory info to the brain
zonules
connective tissue between ciliary muscles and the lens
melanin granules
cytoplasmic structure that carries melanin
connecting stock
contains the optic nerve
tapetum
the reflective layer in the eye between the retina and chorid
macula
highest concentration of photoreceptors
meninges
protective layer over spinal chord + brain
dorsal
top
ventral
bottom
ogliodendrocyte
myelinated cells of the CNS
what is vassopressin also known as?
antidiuretic hormone
acromegaly
too much growth hormone production; causes stalky figure and large/wide features
aldosterone
increases fluid retention
cushings disease
over production of adrenocorticotropic hormone
addison’s disease
low cortisol levels;
islet
location of insulin secretion
beta cells
secrete insulin
alpha cells
secrete glucagon
benedicts solution
used to detect low blood sugar
Infundibulum
connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary
gestation
period between conception and birth
Episiotomy
cutting between the vaginal canal and anus while giving birth
Parthenogenesis
reproduction without fertilization
bacterial conguation
transfering DNA from one organism to another of the same species
barr body
the inactive X chromosome
wild type
a genotype that is typically found in nature
chargaffs rule
c and t exist in equal proportions, as well as c and g
Semi conservative
new DNA is made up of part of the old material, but also new material
point mutation
one nucleotide changes
substitution mutation
one nucleotide is switched
insertion mutation
nucleodide(s) are inserted randomly, shifting + changing the following codons
deletion mutation
deletion of nucleotide(s)
silent mutation
a nucleotide changes but does not affect the outcome of the amino acid created
missense mutation
when a substitution creates a new amino acid
frameshift mutation
insertion or deletion causes a shift on pattern, changing the proceeding codons
endosymbiont
an organism that lives within another organism (cells in cells)
polymorphism
the variations of geno/phenotypes within a population
genetic drift
change in allele frequencies in a population due to a chance event
founder effect
when a small group from a population leave and create a new small community in which a smaller gene pool exisits
bottleneck effect
gene pool change that results from a rapid decrease in population; usually due to natural disaster
biotic potential
the highest possible growth per capita rate for a population
growth per capita rate
rate of change per individual, helps compare populations of different sizes and habitats
aposematism
warning predators with dangerous colouration as defense
density dependent
biotic factors
density independent
abiotic factors
restriction enzyme
cut DNA strands at specific complementary pairs - resulting in different sized strands used in gel electrophoresis
DNA fingerprinting
Gel electrophoresis
a way to perform DNA finger printing to determine relatedness of species or find a match to known DNA.
recombinant DNA
a molecule of DNA that contains genetic material from different sources
target sequence
a short sequence of nucleotides that is specifically targeted by a restriction endonuclease enzyme
restriction endonuclease
a restriction enzyme that can target a specific sequence of nucleotides.
