Vocab

Question 1

Villi

Answer 1

tiny, finger-like structures that protrude from the wall of the intestine

Question 2

Enzymes

Answer 2

proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction in a living organism

Question 3

Esophagus

Answer 3

hollow, muscular tube connecting the pharynx and the stomach; located behind trachea

Question 4

Large intestine

Answer 4

final section of alimentary canal where water and vitamins are absorbed and feces is formed

Question 5

Colon

Answer 5

another common name for the large intestine

Question 6

Pharynx

Answer 6

opening at the back of the mouth and nasal cavity that leads to both the esophagus and the larynx/trachea

Question 7

Vermiform appendix

Answer 7

a closed end fingerlike projection attached to the cecum

Question 8

Rectum

Answer 8

final 6-8 inches of large intestine where indigestible food is stored

Question 9

Salivary glands

Answer 9

produces saliva which helps to moisten food and create a bolus

Question 10

Alimentary canal

Answer 10

long muscular tube that begins at the mouth. Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine

Question 11

Duodenum

Answer 11

the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum

Question 12

Ileum

Answer 12

final 12 ft of the small intestines; remaining nutrients absorbed before moving to large intestine

Question 13

Stomach

Answer 13

enlarged part of the alimentary canal. receives food from esophagus and passes it to the small intestine

Question 14

Hard palate

Answer 14

roof of the mouth, formed by the maxillary and palatine bones

Question 15

Jejunum

Answer 15

the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

self-regulating process by which the body tries to maintain stability; the body’s acid/base balance functions are an example

Question 17

Tongue

Answer 17

muscular organ in the mouth containing special receptors or taste buds; also holds food in the mouth

Question 18

Anus

Answer 18

hole where fecal material or stool & final waste is expelled

Question 19

Gallbladder

Answer 19

small muscular sac under liver. Stores & concentrates bile

Question 20

Mouth

Answer 20

buccal cavity containing the teeth, tongue and other structures where mechanical digestion starts

Question 21

Mastication

Answer 21

process of chewing

Question 22

Small intestine

Answer 22

a long, highly convoluted (coiled) tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from ingested food

Question 23

Peristalsis

Answer 23

wavelike involuntary movement of the gastrointestinal muscles to move food forward through the alimentary canal

Question 24

Pancreas

Answer 24

glandular organ. produces enzymes and secretes insulin

Question 25

Liver

Answer 25

bodys largest gland with multiple functions. Its and accessory organ to the digestive system

Question 26

Soft palate

Answer 26

separates the mouth from the nasopharynx

Question 27

Saliva

Answer 27

liquid composed mostly of water, secreted by glands in the mouth- helps soften food