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vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Forces per unit area that act on a material compression, tension, and shear

A

stress

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2
Q

Deformation of materials in response to stress

A

Strain

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3
Q

Causes materials to bend and stretch

A

Elastic deformation

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4
Q

Permanent deformation caused by strain when stress exceeds a certain value

A

Plastic deformation

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5
Q

fracture or system of fractures in Earth’s crust that occurs when stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great.

A

fault

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6
Q

an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means

A

Seismic wave

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7
Q

squeeze and push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling

A

Primary wave

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8
Q

With respect to their arrival times

A

Secondary wave

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9
Q

The point of failure where the waves originate

A

focus

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10
Q

The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

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11
Q

Depicts vibration

A

Seismometer

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12
Q

The record produced by a seismometer

A

Seismogram

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13
Q

the numerical rating system used to measure the amount of energy released during an earthquake

A

Richter Scale

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14
Q

Measure of the energy release during an earthquake

A

Magnitude

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15
Q

The numbers on the Richter Scale are determined by the height

A

Amplitude

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16
Q

Rating scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake

A

Moment magnitude scale

17
Q

Rates the type of damage and other effects of an earthquake as noted by observers during and after its occurrence

A

Modified Mercalli Scale

18
Q

Seismic vibrations can cause the ground to behave like a liquid in a phenomenon

A

Soil liquefaction

19
Q

A large ocean wave generated by vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake.

A

Tsunami

20
Q

Sections located along faults that are known to be active

A

Seismic gap

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