Vocab

Question 1

observation

Answer 1

knowledge received through senses or instrumentation

Question 2

fact

Answer 2

known to be consistent with reality

Question 3

law

Answer 3

summarizes past observations, predicts future ones

Question 4

hypothesis

Answer 4

tentative interpretation, can be tested through observation

Question 5

theory

Answer 5

an explanation about the world that has been ‘proven’ by experiments/facts gathered over time

Question 6

accurate

Answer 6

close to the ‘correct’ value being measured

Question 7

precise

Answer 7

measurements that are close together and repeatable

Question 8

homonuclear

Answer 8

molecule of atoms of the same type

Question 9

heteronuclear

Answer 9

molecule of atoms of different types

Question 10

law of conservation of mass

Answer 10

mass is neither created or destroyed

Question 11

law of definite proportions

Answer 11

all compounds of the same kind will always have the same ratio of elements

Question 12

law of multiple proportions

Answer 12

compounds will always give ratio of elements in small, whole numbers

Question 13

cathode ray experiment

Answer 13

discovered charge/mass ratio of electrons

Question 14

oil drop experiment

Answer 14

determined separate charge and mass of electrons

Question 15

gold foil experiment

Answer 15

discovered positively charged nucleus at center of atom

Question 16

bombardment experiment

Answer 16

discovered neutrons in the nucleus

Question 17

heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

Answer 17

you cannot know position and momentum of an object at the same time

Question 18

pauli exclusion principle

Answer 18

electrons cannot have identical quantum values, e.g one must be spin up and the other spin down, and only two electrons can fill an orbital

Question 19

aufbau principle

Answer 19

fill electrons from lowest to highest energy

Question 20

hund’s rule

Answer 20

each electron get’s its own room before pairing up with another

Question 21

isoelectric

Answer 21

species that have the same electron configuration

Question 22

paramagnetic

Answer 22

electron configurations with unpaired electrons

Question 23

diamagnetic

Answer 23

electron configurations with NO unpaired electrons, all orbitals are completely filled

Question 24

photoelectric effect

Answer 24

electrons ejected when light is shined on metal surface (brighter light = more electrons)

Question 25

double-slit diffraction

Answer 25

wave interferes with itself and pattern of peaks emerges

Question 26

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 26

light is made up of oscillating electric and magnetic waves

Question 27

constructive interference

Answer 27

waves line up, amplitudes double

Question 28

destructive interference

Answer 28

waves are not lined up, cancel each other out

Question 29

schrodingers cat

Answer 29

until you observe a system, it is in a superposition of all states (cat is alive and dead at the same time)

Question 30

degeneracy

Answer 30

states with the same energy

Question 31

coulomb's law

Answer 31

potential energy due to electron attractions and repulsions

Question 32

shielding

Answer 32

valence electrons do not feel as strong of a pull from the nucleus due to other electrons "in the way"

Question 33

penetration

Answer 33

lower l value, better penetration

Question 34

ionic bonding

Answer 34

electrostatic forces holding atoms together, "donating" electrons

Question 35

covalent bonding

Answer 35

sharing of electrons

Question 36

metallic bonding

Answer 36

"sea of electrons" holding atom together

Question 37

resonance

Answer 37

more than one acceptable lewis structure

Question 38

steric number

Answer 38

number of atoms and lone pairs bonded to central atom, total # of lines and dots

Question 39

how to count VESPR

Answer 39

any kind of bond = 1, lone pair = 1

Question 40

radical molecule

Answer 40

uneven number of valence electrons