Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

observation

A

knowledge received through senses or instrumentation

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2
Q

fact

A

known to be consistent with reality

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3
Q

law

A

summarizes past observations, predicts future ones

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4
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative interpretation, can be tested through observation

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5
Q

theory

A

an explanation about the world that has been ‘proven’ by experiments/facts gathered over time

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6
Q

accurate

A

close to the ‘correct’ value being measured

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7
Q

precise

A

measurements that are close together and repeatable

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8
Q

homonuclear

A

molecule of atoms of the same type

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9
Q

heteronuclear

A

molecule of atoms of different types

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10
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

mass is neither created or destroyed

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11
Q

law of definite proportions

A

all compounds of the same kind will always have the same ratio of elements

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12
Q

law of multiple proportions

A

compounds will always give ratio of elements in small, whole numbers

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13
Q

cathode ray experiment

A

discovered charge/mass ratio of electrons

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14
Q

oil drop experiment

A

determined separate charge and mass of electrons

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15
Q

gold foil experiment

A

discovered positively charged nucleus at center of atom

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16
Q

bombardment experiment

A

discovered neutrons in the nucleus

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17
Q

heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

A

you cannot know position and momentum of an object at the same time

18
Q

pauli exclusion principle

A

electrons cannot have identical quantum values, e.g one must be spin up and the other spin down, and only two electrons can fill an orbital

19
Q

aufbau principle

A

fill electrons from lowest to highest energy

20
Q

hund’s rule

A

each electron get’s its own room before pairing up with another

21
Q

isoelectric

A

species that have the same electron configuration

22
Q

paramagnetic

A

electron configurations with unpaired electrons

23
Q

diamagnetic

A

electron configurations with NO unpaired electrons, all orbitals are completely filled

24
Q

photoelectric effect

A

electrons ejected when light is shined on metal surface (brighter light = more electrons)

25
Q

double-slit diffraction

A

wave interferes with itself and pattern of peaks emerges

26
Q

electromagnetic radiation

A

light is made up of oscillating electric and magnetic waves

27
Q

constructive interference

A

waves line up, amplitudes double

28
Q

destructive interference

A

waves are not lined up, cancel each other out

29
Q

schrodingers cat

A

until you observe a system, it is in a superposition of all states (cat is alive and dead at the same time)

30
Q

degeneracy

A

states with the same energy

31
Q

coulomb’s law

A

potential energy due to electron attractions and repulsions

32
Q

shielding

A

valence electrons do not feel as strong of a pull from the nucleus due to other electrons “in the way”

33
Q

penetration

A

lower l value, better penetration

34
Q

ionic bonding

A

electrostatic forces holding atoms together, “donating” electrons

35
Q

covalent bonding

A

sharing of electrons

36
Q

metallic bonding

A

“sea of electrons” holding atom together

37
Q

resonance

A

more than one acceptable lewis structure

38
Q

steric number

A

number of atoms and lone pairs bonded to central atom, total # of lines and dots

39
Q

how to count VESPR

A

any kind of bond = 1, lone pair = 1

40
Q

radical molecule

A

uneven number of valence electrons