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Color and Comp Final > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Achromatic

A

having no discernible hue or color

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2
Q

Additive Color

A

the process mixing colors of light together

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3
Q

Additive Mixture

A

color seen because of light only

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4
Q

Additive Primaries

A

wavelengths of light that must be present to yield white light: red, green, and blue

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5
Q

Afterimage

A

a ‘ghost’ image generated by the eye in response to stimulation by a single color in the absence of its complement

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6
Q

Analogous Colors

A

colors adjacent on a color spectrum, sometimes defined as hues limited to the range between a primary and secondary. A group of colors including any two primaries but never the third.

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7
Q

Architectural Order (color)

A

A sequence with the lightest value at the top and the darkest at the bottom

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8
Q

Artists’ Media

A

composed of a liquid, paste, viscous, solid, or other base into which pigments or dyes have been introduced to form a transferable colorant, such as paint, dye, crayon, or chalk

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9
Q

Artists’ Spectrum

A

the full range of visible hues as organized by Goethe: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet and all hues in between

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10
Q

Ascender

A

in typeface, it is the portion of the lowercase letter that extends above the mean line of a font (x-height)

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11
Q

Aspect Ratio

A

the proportional relationship between the width and height of a rectangle

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12
Q

Asymmetrical Balance

A

balance that relies on non-symmetrical design components, in which both sides of the work are not the same or divisible

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13
Q

Atmospheric Perspective

A

the effect of an intervening body of air between an object and a viewer, causing a softening of outlines, blurring of colors, and loss of detail at the horizon; the simulation of depth in two-dimensional art by the portrayal of this effect

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14
Q

Azo Dye

A

a family of petroleum-based dyes developed in the latter nineteenth century, with greater color fastness than the aniline dyes that preceded them

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15
Q

Bézier Curve

A

a line defined by a set of anchor and control points (named after Pierre Bézier)

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16
Q

Bezold Effect

A

the changing of an appearance in a pattern accomplished by swapping out (only) one color for another (named after Wilhelm von Bezold)

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17
Q

Biomorphic

A

taken from nature, from the Greek meaning “structure based on life”

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18
Q

Brilliance

A

the combined qualities of high light reflectance and strong hue, typically found in saturated colors and strong tints

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19
Q

Carried Colors

A

colors in an image or design that are laid on the background

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20
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

the use of light and shadow effects in a painting

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21
Q

Chroma

A

a synonym of hue and color, the name of a color. Also a term to describe the relative presence of hue in a sample. A vivid color has high chroma, a muted color sample has lower chroma.

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22
Q

Chromatic Simultaneous Contrast

A

simultaneous contrast concerns itself with hue-color changes that occur due to the influence of the surrounding hues/colors

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23
Q

Chromophobia

A

fear of color

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24
Q

Chromotherapy

A

the use of color for healing

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25
Q

CIE

A

The Commision Internationale de I’Eclairage; an organization that attempts to standardize color notation with regard to the colors of light

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26
Q

Collage

A

A composition in which various materials and objects are combined together either two-dimensionally on a fixed backing, or three-dimensionally as sculptural object

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27
Q

Color

A

a category of visual experience including hue, value, and saturation. Also, a synonym for hue and chroma; the name of a color

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28
Q

Colorant

A

a substance that reacts with light by absorbing some wavelengths and reflecting others, giving an object or surface its hue

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29
Q

Color Cycle

A

A period of time or stage in consumer preference for certain palettes; the prevalence of certain colors in the context of a particular time

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30
Q

Color Coding

A

the use of color to differentiate between objects or ideas

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31
Q

Color Cycle

A

a period of time or stage in consumer preference for certain palettes; the prevalence of certain colors in the context of a particular time

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32
Q

Color Forecasting

A

a service that provides manufactures and vendors with information and guidance on upcoming consumer interest in certain colors and palettes

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33
Q

Colorimeter

A

a device that measures the red, green, and blue wavelengths of emitted light; used to calibrate computers and monitors

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34
Q

Color Rendering Index (CR)

A

a rating scale meant to assess the ability of a lamp to render the colors of objects. Lamps are rated based on the degree of color shift that occurs when an object placed under the test lamp is compared to the same object under a reference standard lamp

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35
Q

Color Scheme

A

a plan for selecting, organizing, and using colors in a specific application

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36
Q

Color Separation

A

in printing, the process by which the primary colors are printed separately but create a full color image when superimposed with each other

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37
Q

Color Temperature

A

in lighting, the measurable temperature in degrees Kelvin of any given light source. In color theory and description, the relative warmth (red-yellow-orange cast) or coolness (blue or green cast) of a color

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38
Q

Color Wheel

A

a synonym for spectrum. Also a term sometimes used to mean a circle of color that scientist James Maxwell devised to demonstrate the responses of the human eye to color in motion

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39
Q

Complementary Colors

A

colors directly opposite to each other on the artist’s spectrum or color wheel

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40
Q

Complementary Contrast

A

an effect of intensified hue difference that takes place when colors used together contain even a partial complementary relationship

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41
Q

Cones

A

cells in the retina that are sensitive to bright light and color as well as fine detail

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42
Q

Cool Grays

A

the result of mixing white with a commercially produced black

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43
Q

Contrast Reversal

A

a variation of afterimage in which the ‘ghost’ image is seen as a negative of the original image and as it’s complementary color

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44
Q

Cross-hatching

A

a series of intersection sets of parallel lines used to indicate shading or volume in a drawing

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45
Q

Descender

A

in typeface design, it is the portion of a lowercase letter that extends below the baseline

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46
Q

Deuteranopia

A

a form of color blindness in which sensitivity to green is reduced

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47
Q

Diffraction

A

the breaking up of a beam of light into series of dark or light bands or colored spectra, after hitting an obstacle

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48
Q

Dilution

A

changing a pure or saturated hue by lightening, darkening, or muting (or by the addition of black, white, gray, or its complement)

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49
Q

Direct Mixing

A

the mixing of wet colorants together to create composite colors

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50
Q

Display Mode

A

the way in which a user mixes colors of a monitor light display

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51
Q

Dot Gain

A

in process printing, an unintended instance of ink spreading around half-tone dots

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52
Q

Dye

A

a colorant created by dissolving pigment into a liquid vehicle

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53
Q

Equilibrium

A

an involuntary, physiological state of rest that the eye seeks out. Equilibrium occurs when all three (additive or subtractive) primary colors are within the field of vision

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54
Q

Equilumiance

A

the appearance of vibration when two colors of equal luminance are adjacent to one another. Our eyes cannot perceive the shape edges and thus compositional elements appear to be in movement. Also referred to as color vibration.

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55
Q

Fauvism

A

a movement originating in France in 1905, characterized by the unconventional, seemingly arbitrary, use of bright contrasting colors (associated with Matisse)

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56
Q

Figure-Ground

A

in two-dimensional design, the relationship exists between the principal image (the focus) and the background shapes. The term ‘figure-ground ambiguity’ implies both are of equal importance (visually)

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57
Q

Filter

A

when used in the context of color theory, a material that transmits some wavelengths of light and absorbs others

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58
Q

Flat Color

A

a single solid area of color used as a design element in printing; also match or spot color

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59
Q

Font

A

a collection of letters, numbers, and symbols of a specific size and weight within a particular typeface. Example: Arial 12-point regular is different from Arial 20-point bold italics

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60
Q

Font Family

A

a collection of related fonts. These may, for example, contain the font files for “Regular”, “Narrow”, “Italics”, “Bold Italics”, etc. all withing the same typeface

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61
Q

Gamut

A

the full range of colors available in software and seen as the display of a color monitor

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62
Q

Geometric Shape

A

a shaper created according to mathematical laws or formulae ex: square, circle, etc

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63
Q

Gouache

A

a matte and opaque water-based paint with gum arabic binder

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64
Q

Gray Scale

A

anything that contains intervals of gray as well as black and white, such as gray scale monitor, which usually displays 256 grays

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65
Q

Grid

A

a network of lines (physical or implied) that may be horizontal, vertical, angled, irregular, broken or continuous, curved and/or circular. A network of coordinates

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66
Q

Ground

A

the background against which colors, forms, or shapes, are laid

67
Q

Harmony

A

in color, the pleasing joint effect of two or more colors used together in a single composition

68
Q

Hexachrome

A

a type of printing that adds orange and green to the CMYK system to increase the range of colors

69
Q

Hexadecimal Colors

A

colors within a system of specifying colors for Web graphics based on a 16-symbol code consisting of numbers 0 to 9 and the letters A through F. Each color is specified by two symbols as a percentage of red, green, and blue

70
Q

Hick’s Law (Hick-Hyman Law)

A

the time it takes to make a decision increases the number of alternate increases

71
Q

HLS Color System

A

hue, lightness, and saturation used as a color coding system.

72
Q

HSB Display Mode

A

hue, saturation, and brightness used to represent the mixing of light and color on a monitor in the context of digital design

73
Q

Horizon Line

A

the distant point at which the sky and the ground appear to meet. The line on which the vanishing points lie in an accurate perspective

74
Q

Hue

A

the name of a color… synonyms are chroma or color

75
Q

Hue Intensity

A

the saturation or purity of a color; its vivid versus dull quality (see ‘saturation’)

76
Q

Impasto

A

paint applied to a support very thickly, usually with a palette knife, for the purpose of providing texture and a feeling of plasticity to the paint

77
Q

Incident Beam

A

the beam of light is emitted by a light source

78
Q

Intensity

A

sometimes used as a synonym for brilliance, or the strength of a hue

79
Q

Intermediate Color

A

a color on the spectrum between primary and secondary

80
Q

Interval

A

a visual step between color samples. Even intervals are visually equidistant steps between colors

81
Q

Iridescence

A

an attribute of surfaces on which the hue changes as the observer’s angle of view changes

82
Q

Ishihara Test

A

a test used for color-deficient vision (color blindness and color confusion diagnosis)

83
Q

Kerning

A

the spacing between individual letters or characters, generally to improve legibility or pleasing visual effect(s)

84
Q

Leading

A

the vertical spacing between lines in a body of text

85
Q

Linear Perspective

A

a system originating during the Renaissance for depicting three-dimensional distance on a two-dimensional surface

86
Q

Luminosity

A

light emitted without heat. Used to describe the light-reflecting quality of color

87
Q

Luster

A

Sheen; softened or diffused light reflectiveness on a surface

88
Q

Maximum Chroma

A

the strongest possible manifestation of a hue

89
Q

Medium

A

the means by which something is transmitted

90
Q

Metamerism

A

the phenomenon that occurs when two objects that appear to match under one set of light conditions do not match under a different set of light conditions

91
Q

Minimalism

A

the theory or practice in art or design in which the fewest possible elements are used to achieve the greatest effect

92
Q

Moiré Pattern

A

an interference pattern produced by overlaying similar but offset templates or patterns

93
Q

Monochromatic

A

containing only one hue (color)

94
Q

Monochromatic Color Scheme

A

the use of a single hue and its variations to impart color to a composition

95
Q

Monotone

A

color without variation. Generally used to describe two or more colors of close or identical value and saturation

96
Q

Munsell Wheel

A

a color wheel with hues arranged based on after-imaging. Its principal (primary) colors are yellow, red, violet, blue, and green. The wheel is the basis for partitive color

97
Q

Nanometer (NM)

A

a measure of wavelength, one billionth of a meter

98
Q

Natural Pigments

A

pigments that are derived from animal, vegetable, and/or mineral substances

99
Q

Negative Afterimage

A

an afterimage that is seen as the complement of the observed color area

100
Q

Nonobjective

A

having no relationship to recognizable objects. Meant to be appreciated for line, shape, color

101
Q

Object Mode of Vision

A

the presence of a viewer, light source, and object

102
Q

Occlusion

A

the obstruction of one visual element by another in a composition, often used as a method to convey or imply depth

103
Q

Palette

A

a board or plate upon which colors are mixed. Palette describes a group of colors used characteristically by an individual artist or designer, or in a specific design, group of designs or body of work, or the colors of a particular era

104
Q

Pantone Matching System (PMS)

A

a standardized color reproduction system in which colors are given specific numbers. This system, based on nine colors, black and transparent white shows the percentages of colors required to produce a particular color

105
Q

Partitive Color

A

a new color that is seen as a result of the close juxtaposition of small areas of two or more other colors

106
Q

Pastel

A

an apparel-industry term for colors diluted by white to high or middle values; also clean tints with little or no muted quality

107
Q

Pattern

A

a coherent visual structure, usually created by repetition of similar design elements

108
Q

Physical Spectrum

A

the full range of visible colors of light as postulated by Newton: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet

109
Q

Pigment

A

a colorant that is finely ground and suspended as minute particles in a vehicle. Traditionally, pigments were inorganic (earth colors), but modern chemistry has blurred this definition

110
Q

Pixel

A

one of the points of light that make up the picture on a computer or television screen. The word is short for ‘picture element’

111
Q

Point (typography)

A

the point is the smallest unit of measure and is used for measuring font. 1 inch is approximately 72 points

112
Q

Pointillism

A

the use of small dots of varying colors in painting or graphic arts to create optical color mixtures

113
Q

Primary Colors

A

the simplest colors of the artists’ spectrum; those that can not be reduced or broken down into component colors: red, blue, yellow

114
Q

Process Colors

A

CMYK; CMY really and black is added because CMY cannot make black. These process colors result in nearly all possible colors on a printed page

115
Q

Process Primaries

A

Cyan (blue-green), magenta (red-violet), and yellow

116
Q

Protanopia

A

the most common type of color blindness, red color blindness

117
Q

Pure Color

A

synonym for ‘saturated color’ and ‘maximum chroma’

118
Q

Quaternary

A

the mixture of a primary hue and a tertiary hue in visually equal proportions

119
Q

Quinary

A

the mixture of a secondary hue and a tertiary hue in visually equal proportions

120
Q

RGB

A

red, green, blue: the additive primaries used in color television and other color display systems

121
Q

Reflected Beam

A

the beam of light reaching an object that is reflected back to the eye

122
Q

Retina

A

the light-sensitive inner lining of the back of the eye

123
Q

Rods

A

cells in the retina that are sensitive to dim light, but not to color

124
Q

Sans Serif

A

the lack of any extending projections or lines (or feet) that extend from the letters in certain typefaces

125
Q

Saturated Color

A

the most intense manifestation of a color imaginable example: the ‘reddest’ red. Synonyms are pure color, full color, or hues at maximum chroma

126
Q

Saturation

A

the degree of purity of a color; its hue intensity or vivid quality, as opposed to muted or dull quality. A fully saturated color can contain one or two of the primary colors but never the third

127
Q

Scale (noun)

A

size or weight relationships in a two or three-dimensional composition especially as measured by some standard of the human body. How big or small something appears to be

128
Q

Scale (verb)

A

in graphic design, to change dimensions of an object to make larger or smaller without modification of the design or absolute appearance

129
Q

Scumble

A

to apply a layer of opaque or semi-opaque pigment irregularly, so that some of the color underneath remains visible

130
Q

Secondary Colors

A

colors made of two primaries (orange, green, violet (purple) )

131
Q

Serif

A

the short lines or projections (feet when at the bottom) finishing a stroke of a letter in certain typefaces

132
Q

Sfumato

A

a painting technique from the Italian Renaissance in which boundaries of shapes and figures have soft edges… it appears like smoke

133
Q

Shade

A

a pure color made darker, or with black added

134
Q

Simultaneous Contrast

A

a spontaneous color effect that results from a physiological response of the eye to the stimulation of one color only. The eye seeks equilibrium which generates a ‘ghost’ image which is the complement to the stimulating color

135
Q

Single Interval

A

the smallest difference between samples that a viewer can distinguish

136
Q

Spectrum

A

the full range of visible hues same as artists’ spectrum and physical spectrum

137
Q

Split Complementary Color Scheme

A

a color scheme found from any hue and the two hues at each side of its complement

138
Q

Stippling

A

the use of dots to create tones in black and white work

139
Q

Substrate

A

the material on which color is applied

140
Q

Subtractive Mixture

A

color seen as the result of the absorption of light; the color objects

141
Q

Subtractive Primaries

A

red, yellow, blue same as artists’ media and artists’ primaries

142
Q

Tertiary Colors

A

colors made of any mixture of the three primaries;
“brown” or chromatic neutrals. Or a hue that results from the mixing of a primary hue and an adjacent secondary hue

143
Q

Texture

A

the quality of a surface and its relative smoothness or roughness. Texture may be actual or implied

144
Q

Tiering

A

the portrayal of images on a two-dimensional surface in tiers and layers, as means of indicating distance. The upper tier represents the most distant part of the scene while the lowest tier is equivalent to the foreground

145
Q

Tint

A

a pure color plus white, or made lighter

146
Q

Tone

A

a nonspecific word referring to some changes in a hue. Most often used to mean a graying, or reduction in saturation (chroma)

147
Q

Transparence Illusion

A

an illusion in which opaque colors are made to appear transparent, created by placing two colors as if they overlap and placing an interval/intermediate color between them in the area of overlap

148
Q

Tritanopia

A

blue color blindness

149
Q

Typeface

A

refers to the shape and style of the letters, organized into a set based on the alphabet, numbers, and punctuation needed to completely express language. A collection of letter shapes is called a typeface like Times New Roman

150
Q

Value

A

relative light and dark, with or without the presence of hue. High-value samples are light, low-value samples are dark

151
Q

Vanishing Point

A

in linear perspective, the imaginary point at which parallel lines appear to converge

152
Q

Vehicle

A

in color theory, a liquid, paste, viscous, wax, chalk, or other substance into which pigments, dyes or other colorants may be introduced to form a medium such as paint, textile, dye, or crayon. Referred to as a base or binder

153
Q

Vignette

A

a representation in which the center of interest is sharply focused and the image fades out at the perimeter

154
Q

Viscosity

A

referring to the fluidity, specifically the tensile strength, of a fluid substance

155
Q

Visual Activity

A

sharpness of vision, the ability of the eye to see detail

156
Q

Visual Texture

A

sensations taken in visually but interpreted in the mind as tactile

157
Q

Visual Vibration

A

the effect of pairing equal valued complementary hues in a partitive setting

158
Q

Warm Grays

A

grays that result from mixing white with a black that is generated by mixing red, yellow, and blue together

159
Q

Watercolor

A

a transparent water-based paint with gum arabic binder

160
Q

Wavelength

A

referring to the measurement of light by the distance between crests of waves of electromagnetic radiation

161
Q

X-height

A

in type design, this refers to the distance between the baseline and mean line of the lower-case letters in a typeface

162
Q

Ray Tracing

A

multiple reflections in the same scene. (for example multiple metal teapots all creating reflections of each other)

163
Q

Radiosity

A

a way to make an object look real by diffusing light graphically in order to make it look hyper-realistic

Color and Comp Final (3 decks)

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