Vocab Flashcards
Abuse
hurting someone on purpose or threatening their safety. can affect their mental or physical health. Can include verbal, elder, financial, rape, sexual assault and technology.
advance directives
a legal document that makes a persons wishes known regarding life support issues. the document is used in the event the person is unable to speak for themselves.
aphasia
a brain injury that impairs the expression and understanding of language. the injury also affects reading and writing.
bill of rights
a state federal law that protects the rights of residents in a long term care facility
chain of command
a list of who reports and answers to whom
confidentiality
not sharing spoken and written words about a resident
durable power of attorney
a person appointed by the client to make decisions should the client be unable to do so due to illness or incapacitation
ethics
a standard of behavior for what is right or worng
etiquette
rules of polite, courteous, kind, and respectful actions
exploitation
taking advantage of a resident for personal gain
facility
provides rehabilitative, restoratives, and/or ongoing skilled nursing care. care is provided for residents in need of help with ADLs
involuntary seculsion
isolating a resident to their room or to a specific area in a nursing home. the isolation is against the resident or legal representatives consent
job description
duties and responsibilities involved in a work position
living will
a type of directive. a written, legal document that lists what medical treatments you would or would not want to be used to keep yourself alive. includes other decisions such as pain management or organ donation.
neglect
when the resident is ignored and doesn’t get proper care from the facility, its employees or service providers. the lack of proper care causes physical harm, pain, mutual anguish, or emotional distress
NA
the person who provides care for residents. this person is under supervision of a licensed nurse.
NA/R
nursing assistant on the registry
ombudsman
the person who handles complaints between residents and the nursing home.
patient
a person that is receiving care from healthcare workers. the care is for physical and/or emotional illness.
person-centered care
supportive centered on the resident. the resident make their own choices over they daily lives.
resident
often elderly, living in a long-term care facility
resident representative
a person chosen by the resident to act on their behalf. the person supports the residents in decision-making. the person accesses medical, social, or other personal information, receives notifications, and managing finances.
team work
working and helping each other to reach a shared goal
basis human needs
requirements everyone needs for life. all people have the same basic needs. basic needs include food, water, shelter, protection from environmental and love.
cognitive
the ability to think, reason, make decisions, and have memory
coping mechanisms
things we do to help us handle stressful situations.
culture
pattern of living for a group of people includes the groups value and beliefs.
developmental tasks
social, emotional, and psychological behaviors that are part of the life experience. tasks change at different stages of life.
dignity
maintain and improve the resident’s self-esteem and self-worth.
diversity
differences among people that include race, culture, gender, ages and abilities.
ethnicity
social group that has common national or cultural traditions, language, and/or heritage.
growth
physical changes that occurs in the body such as increase in size and strengthen.
intervension
actions taken to improve a situation.
Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs
a system of five basic needs. these basic needs are considered to be necessary for all people.
mental health
a person’s adjustments to life. the adjustments allow feelings of self-worth and comfort with life situations.
race
group of people with shared physical characteristics can include skin color, facial features, blood type or hair texture.
self-actualization
reach you highest potential, and being satisfied with yourself
self-esteem
the need for a sense of identity and to feel important and useful.
sterotyoing
placing a group of people into a category assuming they are all the same.
body language
use of postures, facial expressions, gestures, and movement to send a message.
care plan
a written outline that identifies a resident’s unique needs. includes how health workers will assist the resident in meeting those needs.
chart
the resident’s medical record. a legal document that tells the resident’s history. progress and care plan.
checklist
a written form used by the NA to check ongoing resident observations such as appetite or vital signs.
communication
the exchange of thoughts, feelings, and information by verbal or non-verbal messages. the exchange can be written, spoken, sign language, or electronic methods.
continuity of care
care of a resident that continues without interruption. all caregivers use the same methods and approaches.
cyanosis
blue or gray color to the lips due to not enough oxygen in the blood.
extremities
arms or legs
incident
and unexpected event that may cause harm to residents, employees, or any other person.
non-verbal communication
messages sent by means other than sopped/written words. includes facial expressions, gestures, and body movements.
objective
observations measured by the NA seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling, and sometimes tasting.
receiver
the person who receives the message
report
communication of the resident activity between team members. it occurs routinely at the change of shift.
sender
the person who sends the message
sign
a measurement or observation such as pulse, temperature, or amount eaten. observes through sight, hearing, touch, and smell.
subjective
feelings measured by the person must share with others to be recognized.
symptom
statement made by the resident that you cannot see, hear, or touch.
Alcohol based handrub
Refers to an alcohol containing solution designed to be rubbed into the hands to reduce germs.
Assistive device
Any item that is used by or in care of a resident to promote their safety
Body mechanics
Correct use and positions of the NA’s body and muscles. Correct positions make the best use of strength to lift or move objects.
Body alignment
Position of the body so it can function properly.
Chain of infection
Process of events that cause infectious disease in people.
Contaminated
Dirty or soiled, having disease causing germs.
Disinfected
A cleaner or chemical used to kill most germs. The solution usually contains chlorine.
Gait belt
name given to a transfer belt when it is used to assist a resident when walking.
Germ
Common word for pathogens microorganisms that cause disease.
Hand hygiene
Washing hands with soap and water when applying an antiseptic hand sanitizer or alcohol based hand rub.
HIV
human immunodeficiency deficiency virus that causes AIDs.
Host
Plant, animal, or human that harbors and organism.
Infection
Invasion of the body by a a pathogen that causes disease. Produces clinical signs of fever, redness, heat or exudate.
Infection control
Practices which help to prevent the development and spread of disease.
Intact
Unbroken, undamaged.
Isolation
Keeping someone with a contagious disease in a special room so they do not have contact with other people.
Medical asepsis
Techniques used to control and reduce spread of pathogens.
Microorganisms
Tiny living bodies that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Can only be seen with a microscope. Includes bacteria, germs, pathogens, and viruses.
Pathogen
Kind of microorganisms that causes disease or infection. Also known as a germ.
Physical restraint
Anything near or on the body to prevent movement.
PPE
Special clothing or equipment worn for protection of employees and residents against diseases.
Respiratory mask
Mask that is fitted to the healthcare worker and protects against airborne diseases.
Safety
Practices that prevent injury or harm.
Sputum
Mucus coughed up from the lungs.
Standard precautions
Steps used to protect residents and staff from contact with body fluids.
Sterilization
Removing all microorganisms on a surface.
Transmission
To pass or spread germs from one person to another.
Transfer belt
Safety belt used to help move or walk a resident.
Blood pressure
One of the vital signs that checks the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries.
BPM
Beats per minute.
Bradychardia
Pulse rate under 60 bpm.
Cannula
Plastic prongs placed in the nose to deliver oxygen.
Diastolic pressure
Number of which the last sound is heard when taking a bp. Bottom number of BP.
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing.
Expiration
Breathing out air.
Fever
Higher then normal temperature indicating infections or illness.
Hypertension
High BP, 130/80 or higher
Hypotension
Low BP, lower than 90/60.
Hypoxia
Lack of oxygen in the body tissues.
inspiration
Breathing in air.
Pulse
Measures the number of time the heart beats per minute.
Pulse spots
Areas on the body where the pulse can be counted or measured.
Respirations
The process of breathing in and out. Normal is 12 to 20 respirations per minute.
Route
Method.
Systolic pressure
Number at which the first heart beat is heard when taking a blood pressure. The top number of the BP.
Trachycardia
Pulse rate over 100 bpm
Temperature
Measurement of body heat.
TPR
Temperature, pulse, and respirations.
VS
The measurement of functions of the vital organs of the body. Includes temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. the 5th vital sign is pain.
ADLs
Thee include bathing and hygiene dressing, grooming, eating and moving.
Colostomy
A surgical procedure all to create an opening in the abdominal wall to carry feces out. Opening is into the large intestine. The stool will be formed or semi-formed.
Dependent
Relying on others, needing help from others.
Friction
Rubbing against a surface.
Gastostomy
A surgical procedure for inserting a tube into the abdomen wall and into the stomach. The tube is used for feeding or drainage.
Hygiene
Personal cleanliness.
Ileostomy
A surgical procedure to create an opening into the abdomen wall to carry feces out. Opening from the small intestine. The still will be liquid.
Lesion
An opening or sore on the skin.
Ostomy
Surgical creation of a stoma(artificial opening on the body).
Perineal care
Cleaning of the genital, groin, and rectal areas.
Paralysis
Loss of function, usually an extremity.
Podiatrist
Foot doctor
Pressure ulcers
An open place in the skin that comes from lying in one position for too long.
Shearing
Force of the skin over the bone when the bone moves but the skin stays at the point of contact.
Stoma
An artificial opening between a body cavity and the body surface.
Tracheostomy
Opening into the windpipe in the neck.
Ureterostomy
A surgical procedure where the urine is brought through the tune opening in the abdomen wall.
Abduction
movement away from the body.
Active range of motion
AROM, range of motion exercises that the resident does by themselves to improve their ROM.
Adaptive equipment
Special equipment or devices used by the resident. Allows resident to be more independent in managing their own ADLs.
Adduction
Movement towards the body.
Ambulate
To walk or help walk a resident.
Atrophy
When a muscle decreases in size and strength. The muscle begins to waste away and become weak.
Body Alignment
The correct position of the body for good posture. Provides fro best functioning of all body systems.
Contractures
When a muscle shortens and is unable to flex. The muscle freezes in position. Can occur when patient is immobile.
Exercise
Physical activity designed to strengthen the body or parts of the body.
Extensions
To strengthen.
External rotation
To rotate the joint away or outward.
Flexion
To bend.
Hemiplegia
When half of the body is paralyzed.
Fowler’s position
When a resident is sitting in bed with the head of the bed at 60 to 90 degrees. Also known as high fowlers position.
Internal rotation
To rotate the joint inward.
Mobility
Refers to all types of movements including walking, movement in a bed ad transferring from a bed to a chair.
Paralysis
Loss of ability to move a part or all parts of the body.
Parapeligia
Loss of the ability to move lower parts of the body and both legs.
Passive range of motion
PROM, exercising the residents joints because they are unable.
Pivot
To turn your whole body, not twisting.
Quadripeligia
Paralysis of all four of the extremities and the trunk.
Range of motion
Exercises that move the muscles and joints as far as they can without pain or discomfort.
Rehabilitation
A resident who lost functional abilities due to injury or illness. Is assisted to their highest level of ability.
Restorative care
Helping a resident to maintain their highest physical and mental ability.
Semi-fowlers position
Sitting in the bed with the HOB elevated between 30 to 45 degrees. Also referred to as low fowlers position.
Side lying position
When a resident is lying on their side in the bed. Also referred to as lateral position.
Supine position
When a resident is lying on their back.
Tubing
Material in the shape of a tube that carries liquid or gases into or out of the body.
Aspiration
Inhaling liquid into the lungs
CVA
Cerebral Vascular Accident(stoke), occurs when there is interference with the normal normal blood circulation to the brain. it can be caused by a blood clot or a blood vessel that has ruptured.
Dehydration
Lack of/or insufficient water/fluid in the body
Diet
Foods and fluids regularly consumed by a person as a part of normal living
Dietitian
This person who has a degree in nutrition. this person plans and manages therapeutic diets
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Essential nutrients
Compounds that are vital fro disease prevention, growth, and good health. Must be provided by the diet. Found in proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water
My plate
Illustrates the five food groups using a visual of mealtime place setting. My plate is designed to remind Americans to eat healthfully
Intake
All liquids/fluids consumed
NPO
with hold foods/fluids. nothing by mouth
Nutrition
process by which the body takes in food and uses it for growth, repair, and maintenance of health
Output
liquids that lead the body
Puree
foods that are blended to a smooth consistency
Therapeutic/special diet
diet ordered by a physician to help in the treatment of diesease
Constipation
when a person has difficulty having a bm
defecate
elimination of stool, also called bowel movement
diarrhea
frequent loose and liquid stolls
drainage
fluids that are freely flowing from a wound or body cavity. examples include blood and other body secrations
elimination
removal of waste products from the body
emesis
vomitting
fecal impaction
hard, dry stool that is stuck in the intestine or rectum
feces
stools
flatus
intestinal gas
graduate
a container into which liquids can be poured . it has measurement numbers on the side
incontinence
unable to control urine/stool
perspirations
seat, a body waste product. the body’s means of removing heat
urine
liquid waste excreted by the kidneys
void
to urinate. to pass urine
agitation
a chance in physical activity. the resident may wander, pace, or be sleepless.
autism
a serious condition related to brain development. the condition impairs the ability to communicate and interact with others
cerebral palsy
a brain abnormality which may be from birth. maybe due to lack of oxygen before, during, or after birth. movements are difficult to control, some mental disabilities
cognition
the ability to think, reason, make decisions and remember
cognitive inpairment
changes in an individuals ability to make decisions and remember. thinking tasks become more difficult
confusion
difficulty following directions. difficulty in separating differences between things
delusions
false belief. for example, a resident believes she is the queen of England
dementia
progressive decline in mental function. disrupts a persons normal life activities. affects memory and the ability to think, reason, and make decisions
developmentally disabled
person mentally or physically impaired, often from birth
depression
when a person is very sad. has a loss of interest in things. has feelings of hoplessness
disorientation
confusion about person, place, and time. confusion of time may be time of day, day of the week, date, month or year
fear
afraid
hallucinations
seeing or hearing something that is not there
hospice care
supportive care for people in the final phase of a terminal illness. focuses on comfort and quality of life, rather than cure
mental illness
a chemical imbalance in the brain. interfere with ones ability to live and work
mentally challenged
a condition of incomplete development or injury to the brain. the person is not able to learn or develop skills on the same rate as others. it can range from mild to severe
ptsd
a disorder in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary or dangerous event
reality orientation
helping residents to be aware of time, place, and person
tress or stressors
situations that cause anxiety or concern for ones well being. causes the body to feel nervous, anxious, fearful, or confused
trauma informed care
care that treats a whole person who has been through trauma. care providers look at how s person copes when trying to understand behaviors
validation therapy
the care giver accepts the value and beliefs of the resident with dementia
