Vocab

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

Hypnosis

Answer 2

Social interaction in which one person (the subject) responds to another person’s (the hypnotist) suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings, throughs or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Question 3

posthypnotic suggestion

Answer 3

A suggestion made during a hypnosis session to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized, used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

Question 4

Dissociation

Answer 4

A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Question 5

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 5

Biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occurs on a 24 hour cycle

Question 6

REM Sleep

Answer 6

Rapid eye movement; is a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Aka paradoxical sleep b/c the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

Question 7

Alpha waves

Answer 7

Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Question 8

Sleep

Answer 8

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia or hibernation (adapted from dement 1999)

Question 9

Hallucination

Answer 9

False sensory experiences such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 10

Delta Waves

Answer 10

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Question 11

NREM sleep

Answer 11

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompass all sleep stages except for REM sleep

Question 12

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 12

A pair of cells clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm in response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness

Question 13

Insomnia

Answer 13

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Question 14

Narcolepsy

Answer 14

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The suffer may lapse directly into REM sleep often at inopportune times

Question 15

Sleep apnea

Answer 15

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakening

Question 16

Night terrors

Answer 16

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep and are seldom remembered

Question 17

Dream

Answer 17

A sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery discontinuities and incongruities and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

Question 18

Manifest content

Answer 18

according to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream (as distinct from its latent or hidden content)

Question 19

Latent content

Answer 19

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

Question 20

REM Rrebound

Answer 20

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

Question 21

Substance use disorder

Answer 21

Continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and or physical risk

Question 22

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 22

A chemical substance that alters perception and moods

Question 23

Tolerance

Answer 23

Diminishing effect with regular use of the same does f a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

Question 24

Addiction

Answer 24

compulsive craving for drugs or certain behaviors dispute known adverse consequences

Question 25

Withdrawal

Answer 25

Discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

Question 26

Depressant

Answer 26

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 27

Alcohol use disorder

Answer 27

Alcoholism; Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal and a drive to continue problematic use

Question 28

Barbiturates

Answer 28

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Question 29

Opiates

Answer 29

Opium and it’s derivative (morphine and heroin) depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Question 30

Stimulant

Answer 30

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions (cocaine, nicotine, caffeine and amphetamines)

Question 31

Amphetamines

Answer 31

Drugs that stimulate neural activity causing speed up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Question 32

Nicotine

Answer 32

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

Question 33

Cocaine

Answer 33

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

Question 34

Methamphetamine

Answer 34

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulant the central nervous system with speed up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Question 35

Ecstasy

Answer 35

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Question 36

Hallucinogens

Answer 36

Psychedelic drugs (mind manifesting) drugs such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 37

LSD

Answer 37

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; known as acid

Question 38

Near death experience

Answer 38

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as by cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Question 39

THC

Answer 39

Major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations