Vocab

Question 1

claim

Answer 1

a statement which may or may not be true

Question 2

reason

Answer 2

a claim used to support a conclusion

Question 3

assertation

Answer 3

an unsupported claim

Question 4

conclusion

Answer 4

a claim about the world which we are asked to accept based on reasons

Question 5

argument

Answer 5

one or more reasons leading to a conclusion

Question 6

argument indicator

Answer 6

a term used specifically to signpost the reasons or conclusions in an argument

Question 7

therefore test

Answer 7

a technique which inserts the word therefore into a text to test whether or not it is an argument

Question 8

rhetoric

Answer 8

language which is primarily designed to persuade its reader or listener, rational techniques of argument to demonstrate the strengths of the case it wishes to make

Question 9

identify

Answer 9

to establish what or where something is in a text

Question 10

explain

Answer 10

to show understanding of something in a text by describing it in additional detail

Question 11

structure

Answer 11

the organization of a text, and how each element within it is placed together

Question 12

evidence

Answer 12

facts or other data supporting reasons or claims

Question 13

context

Answer 13

factors that are outside the source and its argument, such as its author or where it was published, that affect its meaning

Question 14

line of argument

Answer 14

a separate direction or type argument which leads to the conclusion

Question 15

counter argument

Answer 15

an argument which could be made to challenge another argument

Question 16

inferential gap

Answer 16

the gap of reasoning between a reason and the conclusion it supports

Question 17

assumption

Answer 17

an unstated reason which needs to be included in order for an argument to work

Question 18

bias

Answer 18

a view of something which deliberately favors one particular aspect or opinion

Question 19

primary evidence

Answer 19

first-hand information, directly about something

Question 20

secondary evidence

Answer 20

evidence combined or summarized from primary evidence, but not directly from the situation itself

Question 21

quantitative evidence

Answer 21

evidence which measures the amount of something usually numerically

Question 22

qualitative evidence

Answer 22

evidence which measures the equality of something as attributes which cannot be summarized as numerical quantities

Question 23

facts

Answer 23

measurements of thing which are accepted to actually exist, and which can be proved or disproved

Question 24

opinion

Answer 24

an individual’s judgment of the value of something, can’t be proved or disproved but can be challenged by other people’s opinion

Question 25

reliability

Answer 25

the extent to which a piece of evidence provides acceptable support for a claim or reason