Vocab Flashcards
claim
a statement which may or may not be true
reason
a claim used to support a conclusion
assertation
an unsupported claim
conclusion
a claim about the world which we are asked to accept based on reasons
argument
one or more reasons leading to a conclusion
argument indicator
a term used specifically to signpost the reasons or conclusions in an argument
therefore test
a technique which inserts the word therefore into a text to test whether or not it is an argument
rhetoric
language which is primarily designed to persuade its reader or listener, rational techniques of argument to demonstrate the strengths of the case it wishes to make
identify
to establish what or where something is in a text
explain
to show understanding of something in a text by describing it in additional detail
structure
the organization of a text, and how each element within it is placed together
evidence
facts or other data supporting reasons or claims
context
factors that are outside the source and its argument, such as its author or where it was published, that affect its meaning
line of argument
a separate direction or type argument which leads to the conclusion
counter argument
an argument which could be made to challenge another argument
inferential gap
the gap of reasoning between a reason and the conclusion it supports
assumption
an unstated reason which needs to be included in order for an argument to work
bias
a view of something which deliberately favors one particular aspect or opinion
primary evidence
first-hand information, directly about something
secondary evidence
evidence combined or summarized from primary evidence, but not directly from the situation itself
quantitative evidence
evidence which measures the amount of something usually numerically
qualitative evidence
evidence which measures the equality of something as attributes which cannot be summarized as numerical quantities
facts
measurements of thing which are accepted to actually exist, and which can be proved or disproved
opinion
an individual’s judgment of the value of something, can’t be proved or disproved but can be challenged by other people’s opinion
reliability
the extent to which a piece of evidence provides acceptable support for a claim or reason
