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Human Anatomy- Chapter 5 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

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1
Q

Tissue

A

Biology . an aggregate of similar cells and cell products forming a definite kind of structural material with a specific function, in a multicellular organism.

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2
Q

Basement Membrane

A

a thin, extracellular membrane underlying epithelial tissue.

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3
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A
  • lines blood vessels and air sacs of lungs

- permits exchange of nutrients, wastes and gasses

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4
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

A pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelium that, though comprising only a single layer of cells, has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelia.

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5
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of cuboidally shaped cells arranged in multiple layers.

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6
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Stratified columnar epithelia is a rare type of epithelial tissue composed of column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers.

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7
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Transitional epithelium (also known as urothelium) is a type of tissue consisting of multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand.

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8
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

glandular epithelium that composed of secreting cells.

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9
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

An Exocrine gland is distinguished by the fact that it excretes its essential product by way of a duct to some environment external to itself, be it either inside the body or on a surface of the body.

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10
Q

Merocrine gland

A

Merocrine is a term used to classify exocrine glands and their secretions in the study of histology

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11
Q

Apocrine glands

A

is a sweat gland composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle

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12
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Holocrine is a term used to classify the mode of secretion in exocrine glands in the study of histology.

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13
Q

Connective tissue

A

Connective tissue (CT) is a kind of biological tissue that supports, connects, or separates different types of tissues and organs of the body

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14
Q

Matrix

A
  1. A situation or surrounding substance within which something else originates, develops, or is contained: “Freedom of expression is the matrix, the indispensable condition, of nearly every form of freedom” (Benjamin N. Cardozo).
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15
Q

Fibroblast

A

A fibroblast is a type of cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen

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16
Q

Macrofages

A

Macrophages, sometimes called macrophagocytes (Greek: big eaters, from makros “large” + phagein “eat”; abbr. MΦ), are cells produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues.

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17
Q

Mast Cells

A

A mast cell (also known as mastocyte and labrocyte) is a resident cell of several types of tissues and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.

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18
Q

Callogenous Fibers

A

Collagen /ˈkɒlədʒɨn/ is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of vertebrates.

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19
Q

Callogen

A

Collagen /ˈkɒlədʒɨn/ is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of vertebrates.

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20
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries.

21
Q

Elastin

A

Elastin is a protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting.

22
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Reticular fibers, reticular fibres or reticulin is a type of fiber in connective tissue composed of type III collagen secreted by reticular cells.

23
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

In biology, adipose tissue /ˈædɨˌpoʊs/ or body fat or just fat is loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.

24
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Reticular connective tissue is a type of connective tissue.It has a network of reticular fibers, made of type III collagen.Reticular fibers are not unique to reticular connective tissue, but only in this type are they dominant.

25
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Loose connective tissue is a category of connective tissue which includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue.

26
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, has fibers as its main matrix element.

27
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue

A

A thick yellow connective-tissue fiber composed principally of elastin and characterized by great elasticity.

28
Q

Cartilage

A

Cartilage /ˈkɑrtɨlɨdʒ/ is a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs. It is not as hard and rigid as bone but is stiffer and less flexible than muscle.

29
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Chondrocytes (from Greek chondros cartilage + kytos cell) are the only cells found in healthy cartilage.

30
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage is a type of cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and considerable collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.

31
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage or yellow cartilage is a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, Eustachian tube and epiglottis. It contains elastic fiber networks and collagen fibers. The principal protein is elastin.

32
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

White fibrocartilage consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its flexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type II.

33
Q

Bone

A

Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.

34
Q

Osteocytes

A

An osteocyte, a star shaped cell, is the most commonly found cell in mature bone, and can live as long as the organism itself.

35
Q

Osteon

A

The osteon or Haversian system /həˈvɜr.ʒən/ is the fundamental functional unit of compact bone. Osteons are roughly cylindrical structures that are typically several millimeters long and around 0.2mm in diameter.

36
Q

Caniculi

A

Bone canaliculi are microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone. The radiating processes of the osteocytes project into these canals. These cytoplasmic processes are joined together by gap junctions. Osteocytes do not entirely fill up the canaliculi. The remaining space is known as the periosteocytic space, which is filled with periosteocytic fluid. This fluid contains substances too large to be transported through the gap junctions that connect the osteocytes, including calcium and phosphate ions.

37
Q

Blood

A

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).

38
Q

Hematopoietic tissues

A

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the blood cells that give rise to all the other blood cells.

39
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Muscle tissue is one of four basic biological tissues present in animals. It is a soft tissue that composes muscles. It is formed during embryo development in a process known as myogenesis.

40
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle. It is divided into two sub-groups; the single-unit (unitary) and multiunit smooth muscle.

41
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium.

42
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system – the brain, spinal cord, and branching peripheral nerves – which regulates and controls bodily functions. It is composed of neurons, which transmit impulses, and neuroglia cells, more commonly called glia,(from the Greek, meaning glue) which assist the propagation of the nerve impulse as well as providing nutrients to the neuron.

43
Q

Neurons

A

A neuron (/ˈnjʊərɒn/ nyewr-on or /ˈnʊərɒn/ newr-on; also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

44
Q

Neurological cells

A

Neuroglial cells—usually referred to simply as glial cells or glia—are quite different from nerve cells. The major distinction is that glia do not participate directly in synaptic interactions and electrical signaling, although their supportive functions help define synaptic contacts and maintain the signaling abilities of neurons.

45
Q

Epithelial membranes

A

Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

46
Q

Synovial membranes

A

Synovial membrane (also known as synovium or stratum synoviale) is the soft tissue found between the articular capsule (joint capsule) and the joint cavity of synovial joints.

47
Q

Serous membrane

A

In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which secrete serous fluid, and a thin epithelial layer.

48
Q

Mucous membrane

A

The mucous membranes (or mucosae or mucosas; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion.

49
Q

Cutaneous membranes

A

A thin layer of skin on the external surface of the tympanic membrane

Human Anatomy- Chapter 5 (1 decks)

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