Vocab Flashcards
Arithmetic Sequence
An arithmetic progression or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference between the consecutive terms is constant.
Asymptote
A line that continually approaches a given curve but does not meet it at any finite distance.
Change of Base Formula
The change of base formula is used to re-write a logarithm operation as a fraction of logarithms with a new base.
Circle
A round plane figure whose boundary (the circumference) consists of points equidistant from a fixed point (the center).
Combined Variation
Combined variation describes a situation where a variable depends on two (or more) other variables, and varies directly with some of them and varies inversely with others (when the rest of the variables are held constant).
Common Difference
The difference between two consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression.
Common Logarithm
The common logarithm is the logarithm with base 10.
Common Ratio
The common ratio is the amount between each number in a geometric sequence.
Completing the Square
Completing the square means writing a quadratic in the form of a squared bracket and adding a constant if necessary.
Complex Conjugates
Each of two complex numbers having their real parts identical and their imaginary parts of equal magnitude but opposite sign.
Complex Number
Complex numbers are the numbers that are expressed in the form of a+ib where, a,b are real numbers and ‘i’ is an imaginary number called “iota”
Complex Fraction
A complex fraction can be defined as a fraction in which the denominator and numerator or both contain fractions.
Composition of Functions
It combines two or more functions to result in another function.
Compound Inequality
A compound inequality is a sentence with two inequality statements joined either by the word “or” or by the word “and.”
Conic Section
A figure formed by the intersection of a plane and a right circular cone. Depending on the angle of the plane with respect to the cone, a conic section may be a circle, an ellipse, a parabola, or a hyperbola.
Consistant
If a system has at least one solution, it is said to be consistent .
Constant of Variation
The ratio between two variables in a direct variation or the product of two variables in an inverse variation.
Continuous Relation
A relation XR→Y is continuous if it is upper hemicontinuous and lower hemicontinuous.
Correlation Coeffecient
A number between −1 and +1 calculated so as to represent the linear dependence of two variables or sets of data.
Dependent
A variable whose value depends upon independent variable s
Dimensions of a Matrix
The dimensions of a matrix are the number of rows by the number of columns
Direct Variation
A relationship between two variables x and y
Discriminant
The discriminant is the part of the quadratic formula underneath the square root symbol: b²-4ac. The discriminant tells us whether there are two solutions, one solution, or no solutions.
Ellipse
A regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points (the foci) is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base.
End Behavior
Describes the behavior of the graph of the function at the “ends” of the x-axis.
Exponential Equation
An equation with exponents where the exponent (or) a part of the exponent is a variable.
Extraneous Solution
A solution, such as that to an equation, that emerges from the process of solving the problem but is not a valid solution to the problem
Extrema
The maximum or minimum value of a function.
Factor Theorem
Used to factor and find the roots of polynomials.
Finite Sequence
A grouping of numbers in a specific order with a clear starting point and stopping point.
Function
An activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing.
Geometric Sequence
A sequence of non-zero numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous one by a fixed, non-zero number called the common ratio.
Greatest Integer Function
A function that results in the integer nearer to the given real number.
Growth Factor
The factor by which a quantity multiplies itself over time.
Hyperbola
A symmetrical open curve formed by the intersection of a circular cone with a plane at a smaller angle with its axis than the side of the cone.
Identity Function
A function that always returns the value that was used as its argument, unchanged.
Imaginary Unit
A solution to the quadratic equation x² + 1 = 0. Although there is no real number with this property, i can be used to extend the real numbers to what are called complex numbers, using addition and multiplication.
Inconsistent
Not staying the same throughout
Independent
A mathematical variable that is independent of the other variables in an expression or function and whose value determines one or more of the values of the other variables
Infinite Sequence
An infinite sequence is a list or string of discrete objects, usually numbers, that can be paired off one-to-one with the set of positive integers
Interval Notation
A way of writing subsets of the real number line
Inverse Function
A function that undoes the action of the another function
Inverse Relation
A relation obtained by interchanging or swapping the elements or coordinates of each ordered pair in the relation
Inverse Variation
Mathematical relationship between two variables which can be expressed by an equation in which the product of two variables is equal to a constant.
Joint Variation
Describes a situation where one variable depends on two (or more) other variables, and varies directly as each of them when the others are held constant
Latus Rectum
The chord through a focus parallel to the conic section
Linear Programming
A mathematical technique for maximizing or minimizing a linear function of several variables, such as output or cost.
Logarithm
A quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number.
Logistic Growth Model
A population’s per capita growth rate gets smaller and smaller as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources in the environment, known as the carrying capacity ( K).
Matrix
A rectangular array of quantities or expressions in rows and columns that is treated as a single entity and manipulated according to particular rules.
Nth Root
A number r which, when raised to the power n, yields x: where n is a positive integer, sometimes called the degree of the root.
Natural Logarithm
A logarithm to the base e
Negative Exponent
Repeated division by the base.
Parabola
A symmetrical open plane curve formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to its side. The path of a projectile under the influence of gravity ideally follows a curve of this shape.
Parent Function
The simplest function of a family of functions that preserves the definition of the entire family.
Piece Wise Defined Function
A function whose domain is divided into parts and each part is defined by a different function rule.
Point-Slope Form
The equation of a straight line in the form y − y1 = m(x − x1) where m is the slope of the line and (x1, y1) are the coordinates of a given point on the line — compare slope-intercept form.
Quadratic Function
A polynomial function with one or more variables in which the highest exponent of the variable is two.
Radicand
The value inside the radical symbol and the value you want to take the root of.
Rate Of Change
A rate that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another quantity.
Rational Exponent
An exponent that is a fraction.
Rational Exponent
An exponent that is a fraction.
Rational Function
The ratio of two polynomials
Rationalizing the Denominator
Moving the radical term (square root or cube root) to the numerator, such that a denominator is a whole number.
Recursive Formula
An equation that uses a rule to generate the next term in the sequence from the previous term or terms.
Regression Line
A line that best describes the behavior of a set of data.
Relative Maximum
A relative maximum point on a function is a point (x,y) on the graph of the function whose y -coordinate is larger than all other y -coordinates on the graph at points.
Relative Minimum
All the points x, in the domain of the function, such that it is the smallest value for some neighborhood.
Root
A number or quantity that when multiplied by itself, typically a specified number of times, gives a specified number or quantity.
Scatter Plot
A graph in which the values of two variables are plotted along two axes, the pattern of the resulting points revealing any correlation present.
Sequence
A list of numbers or objects in a special order
Set Builder Notation
A mathematical notation for describing a set by representing its elements or explaining the properties that its members must satisfy.
Step Function
A function that increases or decreases abruptly from one constant value to another.
Synthetic Division
A method for manually performing Euclidean division of polynomials, with less writing and fewer calculations than long division.
Vertex Form
A point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet.
Vertical Line Test
A method that is used to determine whether a given relation is a function or not.
