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AP stat > vocab > Flashcards

vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Individuals

A

a single thing or person

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2
Q

Variable

A

one thing, a value, a characteristic that can be measured or recorded

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3
Q

Categorical Variable

A

variables based on a quality (color,size,etc)

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4
Q

Quantitative Variable

A

variables based on a number/count, something measurable

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5
Q

DIscrete Variables

A

variables countable in a finite amount of time (coins in your pocket, money in your bank account)

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6
Q

Continuous Variables

A

keeps going, impossible to ever finish counting

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7
Q

Univariate Data

A

observations on only one characteristic or value

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8
Q

Bivariate Data

A

data for two variables, usually related (ice cream sales and temperature on that day)

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9
Q

Population

A

the pool from which a sample is drawn, the whole group

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10
Q

Sample

A

a group taken from the population to make it more manageable

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11
Q

Census

A

collection of data from an entire population

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12
Q

Distribution

A

values and likelihoods of those values

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13
Q

Inference

A

a guess or conclusion drawn from data

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14
Q

Frequency Table

A

a table that lists items and the number of times they occur

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15
Q

Relative Frequency Table

A

frequency table that also shows the number of times something occurs/the total trials

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16
Q

Round-off error

A

the difference between a correct solution and a solution found using fewer decimals

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17
Q

Pie Chart

A

a circular statistics graphic, divided into pieces to demonstrate proportion

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18
Q

Bar Graph

A

a graph that depicts categorical data using proportional bars

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19
Q

Two-way table

A

a table used to display frequencies or relative frequencies, one variable represented by a row, one by a column

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20
Q

Marginal DIstribution

A

describes a segment of the data, the distribution of either the x or y variable

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21
Q

Conditional Distribution

A

the probability distribution for a sub population

22
Q

Segmented Bar Graph

A

a bar graph that compares two or more categories within a data set

23
Q

Side-by-Side Bar Graph

A

different categories are placed next to each other for easy comparison within a data set

24
Q

Association

A

a statistical relationship between two variables

25
Q

Simpson’s Paradox

A

a phenomenon in probability and statistics in which a trend appears in several groups of data but disappears or reverses when the groups are combined

26
Q

Dotplot

A

graph with data points plotted as dots on an x and y axis

27
Q

Shape

A

measures of shape describe distribution in a data set

28
Q

Mode

A

the number that is repeated most often

29
Q

Center

A

the middle of a distribution

30
Q

Spread

A

how similar or different a set of values are for a specific variable

31
Q

Range

A

difference between lowest and highest value

32
Q

Outlier

A

a data point that differs significantly from the other values

33
Q

Symmetric

A

when the values of variables appear at regular frequencies and the mean, median, and mode all occur at the same point. two sides that mirror one other.

34
Q

Skewed Right

A

distribution is one in which the tail is on the right side

35
Q

Skewed Left

A

distribution is one in which the tail is on the left side

36
Q

Unimodal

A

having one mode

37
Q

Bimodal

A

having two modes

38
Q

Multimodal

A

having many modes

39
Q

Stem Plot

A

a way to plot data where the data is split into stems (the largest digit) and leaves (the smallest digits)

40
Q

Back-to-Back Stem

A

Used to compare two sets of data. The leaves for one set of data are on one side of the stem, and the leaves for the other are on the other side

41
Q

Splitting Stems

A

stem-and-leaf plots that have more than 1 space on the stem for the same interval.

42
Q

Plots

A

usually a graph showing relationship between two variables, technique for representing a data set

43
Q

Histogram

A

display of statistical information that uses rectangles to show the frequency of data items

44
Q

Mean

A

the average, sum of all values over number of values

45
Q

Median

A

middle number of all values in sorted ascending order

46
Q

IQR

A

middle 50%, 75%-25%, between upper and lower quartiles

47
Q

Five-number summary

A

q1,q3,median, maximum, minimum- numbers that give you information about a data set

48
Q

Boxplot

A

method for graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their quartiles.

49
Q

Standard Deviation

A

tells you how spread out the data is from the mean

50
Q

Variance

A

refers to a statistical measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set.

AP stat (1 decks)

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