vocab Flashcards
Prevalence
of cases of disease in a population
Incidence
# of new cases within a specified time period OVER the size of the population initially at risk
Sensitivity
of patients with the disease & a positive test OVER # of diseased patients. . .Used to Rule OUT disease
Specificity
of patients without the disease & a negative test OVER # of patients without the disease. . . Used to rule IN a disease
Gold Standard
Most accurate measure
Narrative Result
Descriptive value (x-ray report, path report)
Qualitative result
Yes/No or Positive/Negative (UPT)
Quantitative Result
Numeric Value
Reference Interval
Range of normal values
Likelihood Ratio (LR)
Probability of result in a pt with disease OVER probability of result in a patient without disease
Likelihood ratio Postitive (LR+)
Probability of positive test in a diseased person OVER probability of positive test in a non-diseased person
Likelihood ration negative (LR-)
Probability of negative test in a non-diseased person OVER probability of negative test in a diseased person
Likelihood ration >1
Indicates the test result is associated with the disease
Likelihood Ration <1
Indicates the test result is associated with an absence of the disease
Positive PV
percentage of persons with a positive test results who DO HAVE the disease in question
TP / (TP + FP) x 100
Negative PV
Percentage of persons with a negative test result who DO NOT have the disease in question
TN/ (TN + FN) x 100
Why draw labs?
Screen: for treatable conditions in presymptomatic individuals
Diagnose: disease in symptomatic individuals
Manage: disease in individuals already diagnosed
Hematopoiesis
the process of blood cell development
What are the hematopoietic tissues in the fetus?
Liver (primary), thymus, lymph nodes and spleen
What are the hematopoietic tissues in the baby?
entire marrow
What are the hematopoietic tissues of an Adult?
Red bone marrow of the humerus, femur, pelvis, skull, vertebrae and ribs
formed elemenets
blood cells
formed elements of blood are…
erythrocytes (RBC’s), Leukocytes (WBC’s) and platelets
How much blood volume do RBC’s take up
41-53% in males
36-46 in females
How much blood volume do Leukocytes take up?
<1%
How much blood volume is made up of plasma?
49-64%
Erythrocyte
mature RBC
Macrocyte
large erythrocytes (larger than 9mcm)
Microcyte
A small, less than 6mcm nonnucleated RBC
Reticulocyte
A young RBC, usually about 1-2 percent of RBC’s. . they stain blue
What is the lifespan of a RBC?
120 days
What is the function of a RBC?
To transport O2 through your body and to help remove CO2.
