Vocab 103-122 (Soil/Geology, Toxicology, and Water)

Question 1

Surface mining

Answer 1

cheaper and can remove more minerals; less hazardous to workers

Question 2

ore

Answer 2

a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine

Question 3

humus

Answer 3

organic, dark material remaining after decomposition by microorganisms

Question 4

leaching

Answer 4

removal of dissolved materials from soil by water ,moving downwards

Question 5

illuviation

Answer 5

deposit of leached material in lower soil layers (B horizon)

Question 6

loam

Answer 6

perfect agricultural soil with optimal portions of sand, silt, clay (40%, 40%, 40%)

Question 7

Soil Profile, horizons in order

Answer 7

O - A -E - B - C - R

Question 8

Organic fertilizer

Answer 8

slow-acting and long-lasting because the organic remains need time to be decomposed

Question 9

salinization of soil

Answer 9

in arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind

Question 10

Volcano and Earthquake occurrence

Answer 10

at plate boundaries (divergent=spreading, mid ocean ridges) (convergent=trenches) (transform=sliding, San Andreas)

Question 11

Monoculture

Answer 11

cultivation of single crop, usually in a large area

Question 12

food

Answer 12

wheat, rice, and corn provide more than 1/2 of the calories in the food consumed by the world’s people

Question 13

LD50

Answer 13

the amount of a chemical that kills 50% of the animals in a test population within 14 days of the initial dose

Question 14

Threshold dose

Answer 14

the maximum dose that has no measurable effect on a given population

Question 15

percent water on earth by type:

Answer 15

97.5% seawater, 2.5% freshwater

Question 16

Aquifer

Answer 16

any water-bearing layer in the ground; confined or artesian, unconfined or water table

Question 17

Subsidence

Answer 17

land sinks as result of over pumping an aquifer

Question 18

cone of depression

Answer 18

lowering of the water table around a pumping well

Question 19

salt water intrustion

Answer 19

near the coast, over pumping of groundwater causes saltwater to move into the aquifer

Question 20

Ways to conserve water:

Answer 20

• drop/trickle irrigation
• industry = recycling
• use gray water
• repair leaks
• low flow fixtures
• reclaimed water for agriculture and golf courses