voc Flashcards
a representative political system in which authority comes
from the people and is exercised by elected officials.
republican government
the right to keep internal discussion and documents of the White House private
executive privilege
the principle that no person can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal procedures and safeguards.
due process
a system in which each branch of government can limit the power of the other branches
checks and balances
a political system in which power is divided between a central government and smaller regional governments
federalism
a system of judges and courts that is separate from other branches of government
independent judiciary
a literal approach to interpreting the US constitution using the exact words of the document
strict construction
a flexible approach to interpreting the US constitution taking into account current conditions in society
loose construction
the power of the courts to declare laws and executive act unconstitutional
judicial revie
those powers of the national government that are specifically listed in the US Constituition
enumerated powers
those powers of the national government , and particularly of congress, that are not specifically listed in the constitution but which the government ca reasonably claim as part of its governing responsibility
Implied powers
the governments right to take private property for public use, as long as fair compensation is paid; the right to fai compensation is guaranteed under the fifth amendment
eminent domain
a decision by a court that serves as an example or guide for future decisions
precedent
- reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior.
Probable cause
- money given over to a court in exchange for a criminal suspec’s release from jail until his or her trial begins.
Bail
- the imposition of the death penalty on a person by the state.
Capital punishment
- basic freedoms guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution, such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion.
civil liberties
- guarantees of equal rights and equal treatment under the law, such as trial by jury and voting rights.
civil rights
- the process by which the Supreme Court applies the Bill of Rights to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
incorporation
- publishing false information about someone with intent to cause harm.
.
libel
- orally spreading false information about someone with intent to cause harm.
slander
- an attempt by government to prevent the publication or broadcast of material considered harmful.
prior restraint
- statements, usually made under oath, suggesting that the person speaking is guilty of a crime.
self-incrimination
- the prosecution of a person a second time for a crime for which the defendant has already been tried once and found not guilty; prohibited under the Fifth Amendment.
double jeopardy
a document issued by a judge that authorizes law enforcement officers to carry out a search, seizure of evidence, or arrest
warrant
