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Niki > Voc 1 > Flashcards

Voc 1 Flashcards

1
Q

inhabitant

A

a person or an animal that lives in a particular place (population)

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2
Q

drop

A

(v,n)

to take sb to a particular place, usually in a car and leave them there

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3
Q

pretend

A

(v,adj) to behave in a particular way in order to make other people believe sth that is not true
I’m tired of having to pretend all the time.

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4
Q

reputation

A

(n)
the opinion that people have about what sb/sth is like, based on what has happened in the past
to have a good/bad reputation

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5
Q

spectacular

A

(adj) very impressive

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6
Q

accommodation

A

(n) a place to live, work or stay in

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7
Q

surround

A

(n,v) to be all around sth/sb

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8
Q

diverse

A

(adj) very different from each other and of various kinds
people from diverse cultures
• My interests are very diverse.

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9
Q

nutrition

A

“(n) the process by which living things receive the food necessary for them to grow and be healthy
to study food science and nutrition

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10
Q

outskirt

A

suburb

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11
Q

occupation

A

(n) a job or profession

• Please state your name, age and occupation below.

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12
Q

majority

A

the largest part of a group of people or things

• The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.

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13
Q

species

A

a group into which animals, plants, etc.

There are many species of dog(s).

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14
Q

enquire

A

(v) to ask sb for some information

I called the station to enquire about train times.

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15
Q

realistic

A

(adj) accepting in a sensible way what it is actually possible to do or achieve in a particular situation
• a realistic assessment

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16
Q

appreciate

A

to recognize the good qualities of sb/sth
• You can’t really appreciate foreign literature in translation
Her family doesn’t appreciate her.

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17
Q

hire

A

to pay money to borrow sth for a short time

• to hire a car/room/video

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18
Q

admire

A

verb
1. to respect sb for what they are or for what they have done
• You have to admire the way he handled the situation.

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19
Q

avalanche

A

a mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain
• alpine villages destroyed in an avalanche

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20
Q

extensive

A

large in size, amount, or degree:
The house stands in extensive grounds.
adv: extensively
She has travelled extensively.

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21
Q

attend

A

همراه شدن، توجه کردن
How many people attend church every Sunday?
She hadn’t been attending during the lesson

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22
Q

sect

A

a small group of people who belong to a particular religion but who have some beliefs or practices which separate them from the rest of the group

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23
Q

assassins

A

ادمکش

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24
Q

commentary

A

a spoken description of an event that is given while it is happening, especially on the radio or television
• a sports commentary

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25
Q

interrupted

A

stop, discontinue; disturb, interfere; interrupt the conversation or action of another (especially with a remark)

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26
Q

expedition

A

an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known
• to plan/lead/go on an expedition to the North Pole
. the people who go on an expedition

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27
Q

expect

A

to think or believe that sth will happen or that sb will do sth
• We are expecting a rise in food prices this month

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28
Q

voyage

A

a long journey, especially by sea or in space

• an around-the-world voyage

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29
Q

confident

A

feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful
• She was in a relaxed, confident mood.

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30
Q

compass

A

قطب نما

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31
Q

preserve

A

~ sth to keep a particular quality, feature, etc; to make sure that sth is kept

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32
Q

lay out

A

طرح،ترتیب، نقشه

arranged in a pattern

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33
Q

motorist

A

a person driving a car

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34
Q

extrovert

A

برونگرا

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35
Q

likeable

A

pleasant and easy to like

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36
Q

undoubtedly

A

certainly, unquestionably, without doubt

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37
Q

navigable

A

wide and deep enough for ships and boats to sail on

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38
Q

applicant

A

a person who makes a formal request for sth (= applies for it), especially for a job, a place at a college or university, etc

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39
Q

quarrel

A

an angry argument or disagreement between people, often about a personal matter

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40
Q

defend

A

to protect sb/sth from attack

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41
Q

generation

A

all the people who were born at about the same time

نسل

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42
Q

suffer

A

to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of sth, etc

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43
Q

majority

A

the largest part of a group of people or things

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44
Q

respectful

A

showing or feeling respect (با احترام)

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45
Q

Ambitious

A

determined to be successful, rich, powerful, etc

They were very ambitious for their children (= they wanted them to be successful

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46
Q

pity

A

to feel sorry for sb because of their situation

• He had no pity for her.

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47
Q

exceptionally

A

used before an adjective or adverb to emphasize how strong or unusual the quality is
• The weather, even for January, was exceptionally cold.

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48
Q

inexplicable

A

adj, that cannot be understood or explaine

• inexplicable behaviour

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49
Q

Indistinguishable

A

adj, if two things are indistinguishable, or one is indistinguishable from the other, it is impossible to see any differences between them
• The male of the species is almost indistinguishable from the female.

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50
Q

revolution

A

an attempt, by a large number of people, to change the government of a country, especially by violent action
• a socialist revolution

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51
Q

urban

A

connected with a town or city
• damage to both urban and rural environments
• urban areas

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52
Q

innovative

A

introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing sth, etc

• There will be a prize for the most innovative design

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53
Q

emission

A

the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc

• the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

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54
Q

top up

A

payment that you make to increase the amount of money, etc. to the level that is needed
• a phone top-up (= to buy more time for calls)
• Students will have to pay top-up fees (= fees that are above the basic level).

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55
Q

deplete

A

to reduce sth by a large amount so that there is not enough left
• Food supplies were severely depleted.

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56
Q

grid

A

شبکه

The vehicle will be plugged into electricity grid.

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57
Q

Announcement

A

a spoken or written statement that informs people about sth
• Today’s announcement of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion.

• Announcements of births, marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers.

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58
Q

lounge

A

a room for waiting in at an airport, etc

• the departure lounge

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59
Q

recline

A

lie in a horizontal position, lie back; lie down and rest; place in a horizontal position; lean back

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60
Q

steward

A

a man whose job is to take care of passengers on a ship, an aircraft or a train and who brings them meals, etc

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61
Q

congestion

A

the state of being crowded and full of traffic

• traffic congestion and pollution

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62
Q

commuter

A

a person who travels into a city to work each day, usually from quite far away

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63
Q

convenience

A

the quality of being useful, easy or suitable for sb

• We have provided seats for the convenience of our customers

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64
Q

whereby

A

by which; because of which

• They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.

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65
Q

toll

A

money that you pay to use a particular road or bridge
• motorway tolls
• a toll road/bridge

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66
Q

rush hour

A

the time, usually twice a day, when the roads are full of traffic and trains are crowded because people are travelling to or from work

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67
Q

implement

A

to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used

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68
Q

telecommute

A

to work from home, communicating with your office, customers and others by telephone, email, etc.

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69
Q

accomodation

A

تدارک جا، همراهی

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70
Q

unwilling

A

only before noun: not wanting to do or be sth, but forced to by other people

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71
Q

enthusiastic

A

feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about sb/sth
• an enthusiastic supporter
• an enthusiastic welcome

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72
Q

syringe

A

سرنگ، تزریق کردن

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73
Q

fluctuation

A

a change in a price, amount, level
fluctuation in
the fluctuation in interest rates

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74
Q

slightly

A

a little

• a slightly different version

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75
Q

align

A

to arrange sth in the correct position, or to be in the correct position, in relation to sth else, especially in a straight line
• Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.

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76
Q

widespread

A

existing or happening over a large area or among many people

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77
Q

steeply

A

سرازیر

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78
Q

regard

A

to think about sb/sth in a particular way

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79
Q

conscious

A

aware of sth;

She’s very conscious of the problems involved

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80
Q

cite

A

to mention sth as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying

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81
Q

contribute

A

to give sth, especially money or goods, to help sb/sth

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82
Q

admit

A

to agree that sth is true

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83
Q

exhibition

A

a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public
• Have you seen the Picasso exhibition?

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84
Q

fascinated

A

very interested

• The children watched, fascinated, as the picture began to appear.

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85
Q

demonstration

A

an act of showing or explaining how sth works or is done

• We were given a brief demonstration of the computer’s functions.

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86
Q

attendance

A

the act of being present at a place, for example at school

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87
Q

convenient

A

useful

It is very convenient to pay by credit card.

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88
Q

consumer

A

a person who buys goods or uses services

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89
Q

tire

A

to become tired and feel as if you want to sleep or rest; to make sb feel this way

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90
Q

ceiling

A

the top inside surface of a room

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91
Q

revolve

A

to go in a circle around a central point

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92
Q

stuck

A

past tense of (stick) unable to move

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93
Q

signpost

A

a sign at the side of a road giving information about the direction and distance of places

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94
Q

pity

A

used to show that you are disappointed about sth

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95
Q

consequence

A

a result of sth that has happened

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96
Q

chunk

A

a thick solid piece that has been cut or broken off sth

• a chunk of cheese

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97
Q

hesitate

A

to be slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain or nervous

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98
Q

sculpture

A

a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by ↑ carving or shaping wood, stone, ↑ clay, metal, etc

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99
Q

preliminary

A

happening before a more important action or event

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100
Q

inspired

A

produced with the help of ↑ inspiration

الهام گرفته

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101
Q

investigation

A

an official examination of the facts about a situation, crime, etc

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102
Q

diagonally

A

بطورمورب ، اريبى ، ازگوشه اى بگوشه روبرو

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103
Q

attempt

A

an act of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult, often with no success

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104
Q

twist

A

to turn sth into a particular shape

• Twist the wire to form a circle.

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105
Q

demonstrate

A

to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence

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106
Q

persuade

A

to make sb do sth by giving them good reasons for doing it

• ~ sb to do sth Try to persuade him to come.

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107
Q

fair

A

نمایشگاه

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108
Q

concern

A

sb/sth to affect sb/sth; to involve sb/sth

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109
Q

blame

A

to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad

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110
Q

hygienic

A

clean and free of bacteria

Food must be prepared in hygienic conditions

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111
Q

catch

A

sth to stop and hold a moving object, especially in your hands
• She managed to catch the keys as they fell.

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112
Q

infection

A

an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body

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113
Q

doubt

A

a feeling of being uncertain about sth or not believing sth

• a feeling of doubt and uncertainty

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114
Q

regulation

A

an official rule made by a government or some other authority
• too many rules and regulations

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115
Q

coast

A

the land beside or near to the sea or ocean

• a town on the south coast of England

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116
Q

continent

A

one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe, Asia or Africa
• the continent of Africa
• the African continent

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117
Q

get rid of

A

be released from, go away from, throw out

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118
Q

prey

A
  1. an animal, a bird, etc. that is hunted, killed and eaten by another
    • The lion will often stalk its prey for hours.
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119
Q

breed

A

(of animals) to have sex and produce young

• Many animals breed only at certain times of the year

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120
Q

flock

A

a group of sheep, ↑ goats or birds of the same type

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121
Q

massive

A

very large, heavy and solid
• a massive rock
• the massive walls of the castle

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122
Q

predator

A

an animal that kills and eats other animals
• Some animals have no natural predators.
• the relationship between predator and prey

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123
Q

nest

A

a hollow place or structure that a bird makes or chooses for laying its eggs in and sheltering its young

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124
Q

pesticide

A

a chemical used for killing ↑ pests, especially insects

• vegetables grown without the use of pesticides

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125
Q

endanger

A

at risk, in danger; in danger of extinction (about an animal or plant)

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126
Q

humpback

A

کوهان دار ، گوژپشت

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127
Q

longitude

A

the distance of a place east or west of the Greenwich ↑ meridian, measured in degrees

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128
Q

snap

A

انداختن

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129
Q

distinctive

A

having a quality or characteristic that makes sth different and easily noticed

130
Q

route

A

a way that you follow to get from one place to another

131
Q

underestimate

A

to think or guess that the amount, cost or size of sth is smaller than it really is
• to underestimate the cost of the project

132
Q

krill

A

پلانگتون

133
Q

detour

A

a longer route that you take in order to avoid a problem or to visit a place
• It’s well worth making a detour to see the village

134
Q

hostile

A

very unfriendly or aggressive and ready to argue or fight

• The speaker got a hostile reception from the audience

135
Q

hemisphere

A

one half of the earth, especially the half above or below the ↑ equator

136
Q

extinction

A

a situation in which a plant, an animal, a way of life, etc. stops existing

137
Q

mystery

A

something that is difficult to understand or to explain

• It’s a complete mystery to me why they chose him

138
Q

explore

A

to travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it

139
Q

undoubtedly

A

certainly, unquestionably, without doubt

140
Q

extraordinary

A

unexpected, surprising or strange

141
Q

climbers

A

one who goes up

142
Q

exhausted

A

very tired

143
Q

expression

A

اصطلاح

144
Q

enclosure

A

a piece of land that is surrounded by a fence or wall and is used for a particular purpose
• a wildlife enclosure

145
Q

fascinate

A

greatly interested

146
Q

last

A

طول کشیدن برای یک مدت زمان

147
Q

fabulous

A

افسانه‌اي‌ ،افسانه‌وار ، شگفت اور

148
Q

demonstration

A

public meeting or march at which people show that they are protesting against or supporting sb/sth

149
Q

vulture

A

کرکس، لاشخور

150
Q

lawn

A

an area of ground covered in short grass in a garden/yard or park, or used for playing a game on

151
Q

generous

A

giving or willing to give freely; given freely
• a generous benefactor
• ~ (with sth) to be generous with your time
• to be generous in giving help

152
Q

career planning

A

طرح ريزى مشاغل

153
Q

left behind

A

abandoned

154
Q

go off

A

to leave a place, especially in order to do sth

• She went off to get a drink.

155
Q

donated

A

to give money, food, clothes, etc. to sb/sth, especially a charity
• He donated thousands of pounds to charity.

156
Q

fascination

A

a very strong attraction, that makes sth very interesting

157
Q

decline

A

a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc. of sth
• a rapid/sharp/gradual decline

158
Q

consistency

A

the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc

159
Q

fed up

A

bored or unhappy, especially with a situation that has continued for too long
• You look fed up. What’s the matter?

160
Q

conventional

A

following what is traditional or the way sth has been done for a long time

161
Q

novelty

A

a thing, person or situation that is interesting because it is new, unusual or has not been known before

162
Q

implication

A

a possible effect or result of an action or a decision

• They failed to consider the wider implications of their actions.

163
Q

principle

A

a strong belief that influences your action

• I refuse to lie about it; it’s against my principles

164
Q

investigator

A

a person who examines a situation such as an accident or a crime to find out the truth
• air safety investigators

165
Q

muddle

A

(v,n) to put things in the wrong order or mix them up

• ~ sth Don’t do that— you’re muddling my papers.

166
Q

pick out

A

choose

167
Q

Participant

A

a person who is taking part in an activity or event

• He has been an active participant in the discussion

168
Q

conduct

A

to organize and/or do a particular activity

• to conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey

169
Q

suspect

A

to have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having definite proof

170
Q

strengthening

A

make strong

171
Q

prone

A

likely to suffer from sth or to do sth bad

172
Q

effort

A

the physical or mental energy that you need to do sth; sth that takes a lot of energy
• You should put more effort into your work.

173
Q

consistently

A

استوار، ثابت قدم

174
Q

Throughout

A

در تمام ،

in or into every part of sth

175
Q

career

A

the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes
حرفه، شغل

176
Q

fairer

A

منصفانه

177
Q

literacy

A

the ability to read and write

178
Q

salary

A

money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month
• an annual salary of $40 000

179
Q

enrol

A

to arrange for yourself or for sb else to officially join a course, school, etc
• You need to enrol before the end of August.

180
Q

ambition

A

something that you want to do or achieve very much

181
Q

hesitate

A

مردد بودن

182
Q

concentrate

A

to give all your attention to sth and not think about anything else
I can’t concentrate with all that noise going on.

183
Q

comprehend

A

to understand sth fully

184
Q

engage

A

to succeed in attracting and keeping sb’s attention and interest
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.

185
Q

constantly

A

دائما

186
Q

grab

A

to take or hold sb/sth with your hand suddenly, firmly or roughly

187
Q

illiterate

A

not knowing how to read or write

A large percentage of the rural population was illiterate

188
Q

enrolment

A

the act of officially joining a course, school, etc; the number of people who do this
Enrolment is the first week of September

189
Q

fluctuation

A

a change in a price, amount, level etc

there was a lot of fluctuation in the numbers.

190
Q

Respectively

A

in the same order as the people or things already mentioned

• Julie and Mark, aged 17 and 19 respectively

191
Q

pupil

A

a child in a school

• How many pupils does the school have?

192
Q

route

A

a way that you follow to get from one place to another

193
Q

expectation

A

a belief that sth will happen because it is likely

194
Q

rely

A

اعتماد کردن on , upon

195
Q

presence

A

of a person) the fact of being in a particular place

196
Q

appearance

A

the way that sb/sth looks on the outside; what sb/sth seems to be
• the physical/outward/external appearance of sth

197
Q

identity

A

who or what sb/sth is

• The police are trying to discover the identity of the killer.

198
Q

drop litter

A

اشغال ریختن

199
Q

Undesirable

A

نامطلوب

200
Q

leaky

A

having holes or cracks that allow liquid or gas to escape

• a leaky roof

201
Q

desalination

A

the process of removing salt from sea water

• a desalination plant

202
Q

substance

A

a type of solid, liquid or gas that has particular qualities
• a chemical/radioactive, etc. substance
• a sticky substance

203
Q

marine

A

connected with the sea and the creatures and plants that live there
• marine life
• a marine biologist

204
Q

collection

A

a group of objects, often of the same sort, that have been collected
• a stamp/coin, etc. collection
• The painting comes from his private collection.

205
Q

consumption

A

the act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used

• the production of fuel for domestic consumption

206
Q

irrigating

A

artificially supply an area land with water; apply liquid to a part of the body to cleanse or disinfect (Medicine)

207
Q

hygiene

A

the practice of keeping yourself and your living and working areas clean in order to prevent illness and disease

208
Q

disease

A

an illness affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection
• heart/liver/kidney, etc. disease

209
Q

burden

A

a heavy load that is difficult to carry

210
Q

district

A

an area of a country or town, especially one that has particular features
• the City of London’s financial district

211
Q

fetch

A

to go to where sb/sth is and bring them/it back
• ~ sb/sth to fetch help / a doctor
• The inhabitants have to walk a mile to fetch water.
• She’s gone to fetch the kids from school.

212
Q

drought

A

a long period of time when there is little or no rain

• two years of severe drought

213
Q

pour

A

to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream, especially by holding the container at an angle
• Pour the sauce over the pasta.
• She poured boiling water down the sink.

214
Q

abundant

A

existing in large quantities; more than enough

• Fish are abundant in the lake.

215
Q

lack

A

the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth

• a lack of food/money/skills

216
Q

plentiful

A

available or existing in large amounts or numbers
Syn: ↑ abundant
• a plentiful supply of food
• In those days jobs were plentiful

217
Q

haul

A

to pull sth/sb with a lot of effort

218
Q

cultivate

A

to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops

• The land around here has never been cultivated.

219
Q

overwhelming

A

very great or very strong; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to react

• The evidence against him was overwhelming.

220
Q

scheme

A

a plan or system for doing or organizing sth

• a training scheme

221
Q

reservoir

A

a natural or artificial lake where water is stored before it is taken by pipes to houses, etc.

222
Q

barrel

A

a large round container, usually made of wood or metal, with flat ends and, usually, curved sides
• a beer/wine barrel

223
Q

irrigation

A

آبیاری

224
Q

slope

A

a surface or piece of land that slopes (= is higher at one end than the other)
Syn: ↑ incline
• a grassy slope
• The town is built on a slope.
2. countable, usually plural an area of land that is part of a mountain or hill

225
Q

escalator

A

پله برقی

226
Q

surrounding

A

adjective only before noun
that is near or around sth
• Oxford and the surrounding area

227
Q

outstanding

A

معوق، پرداخت نشده

228
Q

generation

A

all the people who were born at about the same time

• the younger/older generation

229
Q

explosion

A

the sudden violent bursting and loud noise of sth such as a bomb exploding; the act of deliberately causing sth to explode
• a bomb/nuclear/gas explosion

230
Q

prestigious

A

respected and admired as very important or of very high quality
• a prestigious award

231
Q

lawsuit

A

a claim or complaint against sb that a person or an organization can make in court
• He filed a lawsuit against his record company.

232
Q

battle

A

a fight between armies, ships or planes, especially during a war; a violent fight between groups of people
• the battle of Waterloo
• to be killed in battle

233
Q

survive

A

to continue to live or exist
• She was the last surviving member of the family.
• Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.

234
Q

prove

A

to use facts, evidence, etc. to show that sth is true

• ~ sth They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.

235
Q

remarkable

A

unusual or surprising in a way that causes people to take notice
Syn: ↑ astonishing
• a remarkable achievement/career/talent
• She was a truly remarkable woman.

236
Q

desperate

A

feeling or showing that you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or others
• The prisoners grew increasingly desperate.

237
Q

downbeat

A

dull or depressing; not having much hope for the future
• The overall mood of the meeting was downbeat.
Opp: ↑ upbeat

238
Q

critic

A

a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of books, music, etc
• a music/theatre/literary, etc. critic
• The critics loved the movie.

239
Q

prospect

A

an idea of what might or will happen in the future

• an exciting prospect

240
Q

broken down

A

ازپاى درامد

241
Q

crisis

A

بحران

a political/financial crisis

242
Q

enormous

A 
extremely large
Syn: ↑ huge, Syn: ↑ immense
• an enormous house/dog 
• an enormous amount of time 
• enormous interest
243
Q

swiftly

A

تندرو
Surprise was swiftly followed by outrage.
• She moved swiftly to the rescue.

244
Q

desire

A

a strong wish to have or do sth

• enough money to satisfy all your desires

245
Q

ultimate

A

happening at the end of a long process
Syn: ↑ final
• our ultimate goal/aim/objective/target
• We will accept ultimate responsibility for whatever happens

246
Q

admire

A

to respect sb for what they are or for what they have done
• ~ sb/sth I really admire your enthusiasm.
• You have to admire the way he handled the situation.

247
Q

lift

A

to raise sb/sth or be raised to a higher position or level
• ~ sb/sth (up) (+ adv./prep.) He stood there with his arms lifted above his head.
• I lifted the lid of the box and peered in.
• (figurative) John lifted his eyes (= looked up) from his book.
• ~ (up) Her eyebrows lifted. ‘Apologize? Why?’

248
Q

Uninterrupted

A

not stopped or blocked by anything; continuous and not interrupted
• We had an uninterrupted view of the stage.
• eight hours of uninterrupted sleep

249
Q

pervade

A

نفوذ کردن ، پخش شدن
Syn: ↑ permeate
• a pervading mood of fear

250
Q

appearance

A

way that sb/sth looks on the outside; what sb/sth seems to be
• the physical/outward/external appearance of sth
• She had never been greatly concerned about her appearance

251
Q

secretive

A

پنهان کار ، مرموز

He’s very secretive about his work

252
Q

Audience

A

the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to sth (a play, concert, sb speaking, etc.)

• The audience was/were clapping for 10 minutes.

253
Q

appreciate

A

قدردانى کردن (از) ، تقدير کردن

254
Q

strictly

A

اکيدا” ، سخت ، دقيقا”

255
Q

commission

A

(V) to officially ask sb to write, make or create sth or to do a task for you

256
Q

headquarter

A

قرارگاه

257
Q

feature

A

something important, interesting or typical of a place or thing
• An interesting feature of the city is the old market.

258
Q

demonstrate

A

to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence

• ~ that… These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working

259
Q

refinement

A

a small change to sth that improves it
Syn: ↑ enhancement
• This particular model has a further refinement.

• all the refinements of modern technology

260
Q

craftsmanship

A

استادکاری
the level of skill shown by sb in making sth beautiful with their hands
• The whole house is a monument to her craftsmanship.

261
Q

superbly

A

excellently, wonderfully, marvelously, splendidly

262
Q

nevertheless

A

با اينحال ، با اين وجود ، عليرغم ، هنوز

263
Q

immensely

A

extremely; very much
Syn: ↑ enormously
• immensely popular/difficult/grateful
• We enjoyed ourselves immensely.

264
Q

influential

A

having a lot of influence on sb/sth

• a highly influential book

265
Q

landmark

A

something, such as a large building, that you can see clearly from a distance and that will help you to know where you are

• The Empire State Building is a familiar landmark on the New York skyline.

266
Q

outlandish

A

strange or extremely unusual
Syn: ↑ bizarre
• outlandish costumes/ideas

267
Q

facade

A

the front of a building نما

• a classical facade

268
Q

lattice

A

شبکه
a structure that is made of strips of wood or metal that cross over each other with spaces shaped like a diamond between them, used, for example, as a fence; any structure or pattern like this
• a low wall of stone latticework
• a lattice of branches

269
Q

beam

A 
تیر، شعاع نور
a line of light, electric waves or ↑ particles
• narrow beams of light/sunlight 
• the beam of a torch/flashlight 
• a laser/electron beam
270
Q

extreme

A

very great in degree

• We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.

271
Q

plumbing

A

the system of pipes, etc. that supply water to a building

• The builders are putting in the plumbing and electrics.

272
Q

praise

A

تحسين ، پرستش ، تمجيد وستايش کردن ، نيايش کردن ، تعريف کردن ،

273
Q

alter

A

change, modify

274
Q

occupant

A

a person who lives or works in a particular house, room, building, etc

275
Q

shelter

A

protection from rain, danger or attack
• to take shelter from the storm
• The fox was running for the shelter of the trees.

276
Q

lower

A

located below sth else, especially sth of the same type, or the other of a pair
• the lower deck of a ship
• His lower lip trembled

277
Q

indeed

A

used to emphasize a positive statement or answer
• ‘Was he very angry?’ ‘Indeed he was.’
• ‘Do you agree?’ ‘Indeed I do/Yes, indeed.’

278
Q

dome

A

گنبدی شکل

279
Q

thatch

A

سقف شاليپوش ، شالى و برگ (در پوشش بام) ، کاه وپيزر مخصوص اندود وپوشش بام ، کاهگل ، کاه پوش کردن ، کاه اندود کردن

280
Q

twist

A

to bend or turn sth into a particular shape
• Twist the wire to form a circle.
• Her hair was twisted into a knot on top of her head.

281
Q

encircle

A

to surround sb/sth completely in a circle
• Jack’s arms encircled her waist.
• Snow covered the encircling hills.

282
Q

buried

A

interred, placed in the ground and covered with earth

283
Q

feature

A

something important, interesting or typical of a place or thing
• An interesting feature of the city is the old market.
• Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme.

284
Q

synonyms

A

word which has the same or almost the same meaning as another

285
Q

wealthy

A

having a lot of money, possessions, etc.
Syn: ↑ rich
• a wealthy nation

286
Q

timber

A

trees that are grown to be used in building or for making things
• the timber industry

287
Q

knock down

A

تخریب، زدن با تانک يا توپ هواپيما ، باضربت بزمين کوبيدن ، گيج کردن ، مجزا کردن
adjective only before noun (informal)
1. (of prices, etc.) much lower than usual
Syn: ↑ rock-bottom
• The industry employs illegal immigrants at knock-down wages.

288
Q

plain

A 
تخت، صاف، هموار
adjective (plain·er, plain·est)
1. easy to see or understand
Syn: ↑ clear
• The facts were plain to see. 
2. not trying to trick anyone; honest and direct
• The plain fact is that nobody really knows. 
3. not decorated or complicated; simple
• a plain but elegant dress 
• plain food 
• plain yogurt (= without sugar or fruit) 
compare ↑ fancy
4. without marks or a pattern on it
noun (also plains plural) 
a large area of flat land
adverb (informal) used to emphasize how bad, stupid, etc. sth is 
• plain stupid/wrong
289
Q

obligation

A

the state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc
• You are under no obligation to buy anything.
• She did not feel under any obligation to tell him the truth.

290
Q

dam

A

a barrier that is built across a river in order to stop the water from flowing, used especially to make a ↑ reservoir (= a lake for storing water) or to produce electricity
• the Narmada dam in India

291
Q

excursion

A

a short journey made for pleasure, especially one that has been organized for a group of people
• They’ve gone on an excursion to York.
• There are regular weekend excursions throughout the summer.

292
Q

obvious

A

easy to see or understand
Syn: ↑ clear
• It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.

293
Q

resist

A

مقاومت کردن ، پايدارى کردن ، ايستادگى کردن ، استقامت کردن ،
to refuse to accept sth and try to stop it from happening
Syn: ↑ oppose
• ~ (sth) to resist change
• They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.

294
Q

violent

A

تند ، سخت ، شديد

Her husband was a violent man

295
Q

resident

A

a person who lives in a particular place or who has their home there
• a resident of the United States

296
Q

impact

A

the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sth

• the environmental impact of tourism

297
Q

inspire

A

الهام بخشیدن
to give sb the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do sth well
• ~ sb (with sth) The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm.

298
Q

coral reef

A

ساحل مرجانی

299
Q

afford

A

(usually used with can, could or be able to, especially in negative sentences or questions) to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do sth
• ~ sth Can we afford a new car?

300
Q

apologetic

A

adjective/ feeling or showing that you are sorry for doing sth wrong or for causing a problem
• ‘Sorry,’ she said, with an apologetic smile.

301
Q

circumstance

A

شرایط

302
Q

eventually

A

at the end of a period of time or a series of events

303
Q

fuselage

A

بدنه هواپيما

304
Q

ban

A

sth to decide or say officially that sth is not allowed
Syn: ↑ prohibit
• a campaign to ban smoking in public places

305
Q

exahust

A

waste gases that come out of a vehicle, an engine or a machine
• car exhaust fumes/emissions

306
Q

resistance

A

dislike of or opposition to a plan, an idea, etc; refusal to obey

307
Q

carry out

A

= ↑ takeaway
• Let’s get a carry-out.
• carry-out coffees انجام دادن

308
Q

afterward

A

at a later time; after an event that has already been mentioned
• Afterwards she was sorry for what she’d said.

• Let’s go out now and eat afterwards.

309
Q

reveal

A

اشکار کردن ، فاش کردن ، معلوم کردن
to make sth known to sb
Syn: ↑ disclose
• ~ sth (to sb) to reveal a secret

310
Q

prosper

A

to develop in a successful way; to be successful, especially in making money
Syn: ↑ thrive
• The economy prospered under his administration.
• She seems to be prospering since she moved out of the city.

311
Q

appliance

A

دستگاه

312
Q

Unwilling

A

not wanting to do sth and refusing to do it

• They are unwilling to invest any more money in the project.

313
Q

convenience

A

the quality of being useful, easy or suitable for sb

• We have provided seats for the convenience of our customers

314
Q

instructional

A

adj. that teaches people sth

• instructional materials

315
Q

activist

A

a person who works to achieve political or social change, especially as a member of an organization with particular aims
• gay activists

316
Q

accumulate

A

v. sth to gradually get more and more of sth over a period of time
Syn: ↑ amass
• I seem to have accumulated a lot of books.

317
Q

persist

A

اصرار کردن ، ايستادگى

318
Q

immense

A

adj. extremely large or great
Syn: ↑ enormous
• There is still an immense amount of work to be done.
• The benefits are immense.

319
Q

appeal

A

درخواست

320
Q

imitation

A

a copy of sth, especially sth expensive

• a poor/cheap imitation of the real thing

321
Q

cite

A

sth (as sth) to mention sth as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying

322
Q

Widespread

A

همه جانبه

گسترده

Niki (2 decks)

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