VN01 Flashcards
1
Q
DEFRA
A
Department of the environment, food and rural affairs
2
Q
VMD
A
Veterinary medicines directorate
3
Q
How do the VMD ensure medicine is safe and effective
A
Trails for licensing, drug categories and who can supply/dispense, pharmacovigilance (adverse reactions)
4
Q
POM-V
A
Vet can prescribe. Vet or pharmacist can supply
5
Q
POM-VPS
A
Vet, pharmacist or SQP can prescribe and supply
6
Q
NFA-VPS
A
No rx needed. Anyone can prescribe, but vet, pharm or SQP must suuply
7
Q
AVM-GSL
A
Anyone can prescribe and supply
8
Q
SUPERB
A
Specific procedure, under care, person, experience, risk, be there
9
Q
VSA
A
Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966. Criminal law. Protects the public
10
Q
Vsa amendment schedule 3
A
2002
11
Q
AWA
A
Animal welfare act 2006
12
Q
AWA protects
A
Non human vertebrae, not wildlife, lab animals or embryos
13
Q
AWA punishment
A
51 weeks prison and/or fine of £20,000
14
Q
5 welfare needs
A
Diet, environment, housed with or without companion, behaviour, free from illness/pain/suffering
15
Q
Reasons for domestication
A
Companionship, farming, work (breeding)
16
Q
PAT
A
Pets as therapy - not same legal protection as assistance animal
17
Q
ESA
A
Emotional support animal - not same legal protection as assistance animals. Live and support single individual
18
Q
Finns law
A
- Animal welfare (service animal). Injuries that are intentional or unnecessary
19
Q
Animal (scientific procedures) act
A
- Benefits must outweigh cost. Replacement, reduction and refinement
20
Q
Phenotype
A
Bred for appearance
21
Q
Animal welfare (activities involving animals) regulations
A
- Need license to breed as a business, have more than 3 litters in 12 months, seel any litters for profit
22
Q
Lucy’s Law
A
- Buy directly from breeder or rescue center.
Licensed breeders must show puppies interacting with mothers in place of birth
23
Q
Animal welfare three approaches
A
Veterinary science, neurophychological and concept of natural living. ‘State of being’
24
Q
Working animals
A
Military, police, medical, herding/retrieving, assistance
25
Reasons for breeding
Perform a job, appearance, produce
26
Responsible pet ownership
Commitment, time and money, research, legislation, preventative healthcare, hard decisions
27
How many types of practice
3. Independant, corporate, joint venture
28
Types of insurance
Professional indemnity, employers liability, public liability
29
Professional indemnity
RCVS requires. Sued by client for making mistake resulting in financial loss
30
Employers liability
Legal requirement for at least £5million. Employee injured or ill due to work. Fined £2,500 daily for no insurance and £1,000 if cannot provide certificates
31
Public liability
No requirement. Public sues for injury or property damage
32
Independent
Small group or individual, make own decisions
33
Corporate
Owned by a company, may influence decisions. Better progression opportunities
34
Joint venture
Mixed individual and corporate
35
Secondary referral
Only accept cases referred, no initial consultations
36
PSS
Practice standards schemes. Voluntary. Every 4 years inspected. Core standards, general practice, emergency service clinic, veterinary hospital
37
PSS awards
Voluntary. Assessed for none, some or all. More about behaviours and outcomes than facilities and equipment
38
Small animal PSS awards
Team and professional responsibility, client service, patient consult service, diagnostic service, inpatient service, emergency and CC service, environmental sustainability
39
VN first consideration
Health and welfare of animals
40
Marketing incentives
Manufacturer offers free product for certain number sold
41
Ethic marketing
Promotional images should reflect and meet 5 welfare needs. Not be shown partaking in activities putting health and wellbeing at risk
42
Social media
Responsibility to behave professionally and not bring profession into disrepute
43
Veterinary surgery
Art and science of surgery and medicine includes: diagnosis of disease/injury, giving advice on diagnosis, medical/surgical treatment, performance of surgical operations
44
Schedule 3
Exemption order on the VSA. Owner or other can administer minor medical t, anyone can give first aid in emergency, vet students commencing clinical studies can carry out tests, tx and sx under direction and supervision
45
Schedule 3 VN
Administer any medical tx and minor surgery (not into body cavity)
46
Enter VN register
Achieved necessary qualifications, paid registration fee, made statement of good character
47
Supervision
VS or RVN. Present on premises and able to respond if needed
48
Direct, continuous and personal supervision
Undivided personal attention
49
Schedule 3 can
Injections, bloods samples, IV, suture skin, s&p, lumpectomy
50
Schedule 3 cannot
Neutering, removing teeth with instrument, administer meds to effect, cysto
51
Professional autonomy
Right to make professional decision and act on. VS = yes. VN = no, but can refuse to NOT do something
52
Personal competence
Personal scope of ability. Consider each individual case. Training and experience, nature of tx or procedure, condition of patient. Should not provide service just because legally allowed
53
KC registered breeds
Dogs - 218, cats - 40 and rabbits - 50
54
Anthropocentrism
Humans basing decisions on own perceptions and values
55
Those not able to perform schedule 3
Lay people
56
Profession accountability
Answerable to regulator for decisions and actions
57
Delegate
Assign a task to someone else
58
Veterinary medication
Must be licenced. (Certain exemptions). All licenced products have marketing authorisation numbers
59
Veterinary medicine regulations
2024. Set by VMD. Regulate supply of veterinary medicine. Updated every 18-24 months
60
RQP
Registered qualified person
61
SQP
Suitably qualified person. Medicine advisor
62
RAMA
Registered animal medicine advisor
63
Prescribe
Authorise use of medicine
64
Supply
Stock and sell medicine in accordance with legislation
65
Dispense
Hand medication to client with instructions
66
Registered premesis
Approved by the VMD. SQP retailer, pharmacy or vet practice
67
VMD inspections
Every 4 years. RCVS PSS inspector will carry out if practice is part of scheme. If no, VMD will do it
68
VMD - inspect what
Suitable premesis with permanent address, secure, vermin proof. Storage away from public, appropriate temp. Dispose of waste. Suitable records kept. Advertising correctly.
69
Records of POM-V and POM-VPS
Must be kept 5 years. Audited annually at least. Register kept
70
Misuse of drugs regulations
2001
71
Advertising medication in practice
CANNOT advertise POM-V and POM-VPS
72
Types of deficiencies
Minor, major, critical. VMD will work with practices to improve
73
Minor deficiency
No potential risk. If less than 6, back in 4 years
74
Major deficiency
Major deviation with potential risk. Inspected more frequently
75
Critical deficiency
Significant risk with intentional violation. May need formal approaches
76
Formal VMD approaches
Advisory and warning letters, improvement notices, seizure notices, revocation of approval, prosecution
77
Improvement notice
Have a time frame of at least 14 days. Offence to fail
78
Seizure notice
Will seize medication illegally imported, supplied, marketed, administer. Can also take computers. Can be appealed before date of improvements needing to be made by
79
Data protection act
2018. All data relating to individuals in accordance with DPA and GDPR. Regulates how personal information is used and handled
80
Clinical records must be
Accurate, comprehensible and legie without personal opinions and observations
80
SOAPIER
Subjective, objective, assessment, plan, implement, evaluate and re-assess
80
How long should financial records be kept
6 years
81
Microchip ping of cats and dogs (England) regulations
2023. Dogs by 8 weeks, cats by 20 weeks. Imported animals have 30 days. Fine is £500
82
8 principles of handling data
Fairly and lawfully processed. Limited purposes. Adaquete, relevant and not excessive. Accurate and up to date. Not kept longer than necessary. In line with rights. Secure. Not transferred to other countries without protection
83
GDPR
General data protection regulations
84
Insurance forms
Accurate and honest. Insurance fraud is criminal offence
85
Where must companies dealing with personal information register
Information commissioners office and pay admin fee. Criminal offence to not
86
Marketing
Required consent. Must be opt in and not opt out
87
Breaking confidentiality
Animal welfare or public interest at risk. KC register bitch has C-section or surgery if performed to alter conformation
88
Clinical governance
Continuing process of reflection, anysis and improvement in professional practice for benefit of animal, patient and client
89
Need for team approach
Different strengths and weaknesses. Tasks done by most appropriate person. Better patient care and safety
90
MRCVS
Member of the Royal college of veterinary surgeons - required in order to practice in UK
91
CPD
Continued professional development. Vet = 35 hours. Nurse = 15 hours.
92
Supersession
Taking over clinic case without informing previous vets
93
Period of supervised practice
17 weeks (break of 5 years or more)
94
How a VN regulated
Voluntarily
95
Lay person
Cannot do more than member of the public. Includes a VN who passed exams but is not registered
96
Period of qualification a VN can still work under student register
3 months. Must apply for register in this time or lose statue
97
Regulatory body of veterinary profession
RCVS
98
Professional regulation
System of rules and regulations profession must follow to protect public and uphold reputations
99
VN council
Established in 2002. Responsible for VN training, post qualification awards and registration of qualified VN's
100
Hold does the RCVS protect the public
Hold and maintain register, set standards in education and training, maintain standards, provided advice to professionals and consumers
101
How many hours of practice training does an SVN need in training practice
1,800
102
How to enter VN register
Education and training requirement, disclosure of good character, registration fee
103
How to retain the VN register
Follow COC, 15 hours CPd, subject to disciplinary process, disclosure of good character, annual fee
104
How to restore name on VN register
Current retention fee, payment of restoration free, disclosure of good character (unless more than 5 years). If more than 5 years, also period of supervised return and provide evidence of competence
105
Who are RVN answerable to for conduct
RCVS
106
Types of CPD
Lunch and learn, conference, webinars, journals, courses, secondment, in-house training etc
107
When did RVN disciplinary process come about
1st April 2011
108
What does RVN disciplinary process investigate
Complaints questioning fitness to practice e.g. Criminal conviction, professional misconduct, fraudulent registration, deep-seated attitude problem, dishonesty
109
RCVS health protocol
Fitness to practice impaired due to adverse health
110
RCVS performance protocol
Fitness to practice impaired due to needing more training (professional performance)
111
Updated disciplinary process
1st Oct 2022. Stage one = preliminary investigation committee. Stage 2 = preliminary investigation committee. Stage 3 = disciplinary committee hearing
112
Old disciplinary process
Assessment and investigation. Prelimary investigation committee. Disciplinary committee.
113
RVNPIC stage 1
One vet nurse, one vet, one lay person or two VN and one lay person. Close matter with no action, or with advice to RVN. Or refer to stage 2
114
RVNPIC stage 2
Close case with no further action or with advice to RVN. Refer to Charter Case Committee, refer to RVNDC, refer to RCVS health protocol or to RCVS perofmace protocol
115
Charter Case Committee
Alternative to RVNDC. Allows case to be dealt with in different way. Will issue public warning, issue confidential warning or refer back to RVNPIC.
116
RVNDC
One VS, one RVN, one lay person. Formal hearing, like court case. Will give a warning, suspension for up to 2 years or even removal from register. Consider sanctions in order of severity.
Applications for register restoration can be made 10 months post removal.
117
VCMS
Veterinary client medication service. By Nockolds, independent firm of solicitors. Is an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) scheme, as RCVS can only deal with the most important complaints
118
What does VCMS investigate
Fees, negligence, complaints about service. They can help if the clients want: apology, refund, corrective treatment, goodwill gesture
119
RCVS COC
Sets out responsibilities and provides details of supporting guidance that may be accessed. Devided into sections: introduction, principles of practice, professional responsibilities and supporting guidance
120
5 principles of practice
Professional competence, honesty and integrity, independance and impartiality, client confidentiality and trust, professional accountability
121
6 professional responsibilities
Veterinary nurses and animals, clients, the profession, the veterinary team, the RCVS and the public
122
BVNA
British veterinary nursing association. Sole reprosentative organisation for VN's. Open to anyone. Support network.
123
Vetlife
Charity 24/7 helpline and anonymous emails. For VS, and the dependants of VS, VN and SVN.
124
BSAVA
British small animal veterinary association. Support network promoting excellence through education and science
125
BVA
British veterinary association. National reprosentative body
126
BVRA
British veterinary receptionist association. Recognise and raise status of receptionists
127
SPVS
Society for practicing veterinary surgeons. Promotes responsible leadership, provides tools and resources to develop business and leadership skills
128
Legal protection for breeding animals (KC will not register if)
Already had 4 litters, over 8 years old, less than 1 year old, incestuous mating, 2 C-sections or not a UK birth
129
VDS
Veterinary defence society. Insurance company run by VS on behalf of vet profession. Insured against claims of negligence
130
ACAS
Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service. Employment contracts, impartial advice on employment rights (employment law)
131
CAB
Citizens advice bureau (employment rights)
132
How to resolve an issue informally
Prepare, stay calm and focused, be clear and factual, consider other points of view
133
Emplyemt rights act
1996. A written statement of employment must be provided on the day you start work. Should provide provisions of employment in the UK
134
Employment contract particular
How long for, notice period, probation period, name of business, my name, job title, start date, location, pay, hours, holiday entitlement, sick pay, maternity leave, benefits, training allowance. Accepting a payment means accepting the contract
135
What should be provided within 2 months of starting work
Pension, collective agreements, right to non-obligatory training, disciplinary and grievance procedures
136
Working time regulations
1998. How many hours someone is allowed to work, how much rest they should have and holiday entitlement
137
Hours of work 18+
Maximum of 48 hours per week unless opt out (averaged over 17 weeks). Uninterrupted 20 minute break for working over 6 hours. 11 hours rest between working days. 24 hours rest per week, or 48 hours every 2 weeks
138
Hours of work <18
Work up to 8 hours a day, or 40 hours a week. Cannot be averaged. Should have a 30 minute break every 4.5 hours and 12 hours rest between shifts and 48 hours rest a week
139
Night worker
Someone who works more than 3 hours between 11pm and 6am. Should not work more than 8 hours in a 24 hour period over 17 weeks
140
Holiday
Full time worker is entitled to 28 days annually, this can include bank holidays. Part time workers are pro rata
141
National minimum wage act
1998. Someone who has a contract is a worker and entitled to minimum wage in UK. Special rate for apprentices, which is lower (under 19, or in first year)
142
Flexible working regulations
2014. Can be applied after 26 weeks of continuous employment
143
Employment responsibility
On time, comply with procedures/policies, undertake requests than are reasonable and appropriate, complete assessments and training, attended training, look after health and safety, respect person dignity of others
144
Duty of care is to clients, colleagues and patients
Civil law
145
Civil law
VN must not cause harm or loss to clients or their property (pets are property). Duty of care in the case of civil law or negligence is to client, not pet
146
Negligence
Client sustained a loss as a result of a breach by someone who had a duty of care.
Must be a duty if care, must have been breached, must result in a client loss
147
Main indemnity insurer
VDS. Should be notified as early as possible, even if only a potential claim of negligence
148
Civil claim resolution
Usually when client receives financial compensation. Sometimes an injunction barring individual from treating client animals
149
Misconduct
Professional does not behave as a professional should. If behaviour falls should of COC. Professional matter rather than a civil one. Some cases can be negligence and misconduct
150
Gross misconduct
Level of misdeamour calling fitness to practice into question. Includes fraud, theft, dishonesty etc
151
Is there a certification process for assistance dogs in the uk
No
152
VS in salaried employment of the UK government are know as
Official veterianrians
153
Role of RCVS COC for VN's
It sets out the professional responsibilities of registered veterinary nurses
154
How can the qualifications of a veterinary surgeon or registered veterinary nurse be verified
Online register
155
What must a specialist be in regards to referrals
Available by other veterinary colleagues
156
Which organisation runs a pet bereavement service for owners, in conjunction with the Society for Companion Animal Studies?
Blue cross
157
Which organisation has expanded on veterinary legislation to provide veterinary surgeons with a practical guide to support their decision making in relation to euthanasia as a possible solution for some cases?
BVA
158
Where must companies handling personal data be registered?
The Information Commissioners Office
159
Farriery
Art of caring for a horse's hooves, including trimming, balancing, and shoeing
160
Health and safety at work act
1974. Most important h&s act. Sets responsibilities of employers and employees to safeguard own safety/members of public
161
Health and safety file
Should be kept with all documents for the practice e.g. Local rules, SOP, safety procedures, risk assessments, training
162
H&s employer responsibilities
Maintain premesis and equipment, safe storage, staff training, provide PPE, risk assessments, keep up to date with legislation
163
Employee h&s responsibility
Follow SOP, liase with employers, understand policies, report accidents, not interfere with equipment, consider safety of others
164
RIDDOR
2013. Reporting of injuries, disease and dangerous occurrences regulations. States that if a person is badly injured at work or falls ill through infectious disease, the HSE must be informed
165
HSE
Health and safety executive. For major or fatal injuries a report should be made immediately and also to authorities, followed by a written report in 10 days. Injuries causing an employee to be off more than 7 days should also be reported, but have 15 days
166
Accident book
All accidents should be put in here. Must comply with GDPR. Reports should be kept minimum of 3 years
167
Audits
Designed to improve processes and standards. Considers incidents and factors to identify what can be changed. Can be carried out in response to an incident, or for general quality improvement (clinical audit)
168
COSHH
2002. Control of substances hazardous to health. Required employers to assess and prevent/control exposure to haradous substances
169
Use and storage of chemicals
Staff should be trained, areas should be well ventilated, flammable ones should be kept away from heat sources, follow manufacturers guidelines, store in original containers
170
WELs
Workplace exposure limits. Must not be exceeded, must be monitored and records must be kept
171
Eythylene Oxide WEL
1ppm or 1.8mg/m3
172
Isoflourane WEL
50ppm or 383mg/3
173
Nitrous Oxide WEL
100ppm or 183mg/m3
174
Ppm
Parts per million
175
Mg/m3
Milligrams per cubic metre
176
Misuse of drugs act
1971
177
Misuse of drugs regulation
2001
178
Drug schedules
1-5. Illegal to be in possession of schedule 1. They have no therapeutic use
179
Schedule 2 drugs
Fentanyl, methadone. Must be locked away and use recorded in register. Needs requisition form to order. External party to dispose of them
180
Schedule 3 drugs
Buprenorphine, phenobarbitone. Must be locked away
181
Disposal of CD's
Rendered unusable. Denture kit, cat litter, soapy liquid for tablets - then pharmaceutical waste
182
Waste disposal
Comply with legislation. Overseen by environmental agency. Incorrect disposal can have health and environmental implications
182
Hazardous waste records kept
3 years
183
Hazardous waste
Yellow (incineration) or orange (landfill/heat treated) bag. Infectious waste
184
Blood contaminated sharps
Yellow bin, orange lid
185
Offensive waste
Tiger bag
186
Cytotoxic waste
Yellow bin, purple top
187
Pharmaceutical waste
Yellow bin, blue top
188
Anatomical waste
Yellow bin, red top
189
Manual handling
Lifting and carrying, pushing and pulling, lowering items
190
Manual handling employer responsibility
Avoid requirement as far as practice able. Complete risk assessments where unavoidable and put measures into place. Provide lifting/moving aids
191
Manual handling employer responsibility
Read risk assessments, follow SOP's, inform of hazards and do not put others at risk
192
LITE
Load - will it move unpredictabley
Individual - am I capable of this
Task - how much is there, how many trips will it take
Environment - is the path clear
193
Individual manual handling limits
Legislation does not specifiy weights. Must consider individual size, strength, agility, health conditions, pregnancy and experience
194
HSE manual handling guidelines
Increase and decrease depending on individual. Weight limit reduced if load is carried away from body or at high/low levels. Guidelines suggest max 16kg for women and 25kg for men
195
Safe technique for manually lifting and moving loads
Plan the lift, position self, grip the load, lift, move, lower
196
Management of health and safety at work regulations
1999. Risk assessments must be carried out. Follow 5 steps: identify hazards, decide who and how harm might occur, look at likelihood, record findings, regularly review and update
197
Three types of common zoonotic disease
Camplobacter, leptospirosis, rabies
198
Competence
Ability to perform the roles and tasks required by one's job to the expected standards
198
Day one competence
37 areas identified by the RCVS as being essential from day one. Minimum level of knowledge skills and attitude. Skills that make up day one competences are called day one skills
198
Day one skills
Essential clinical care required to achieve the day one competences
199
Three areas of competence
Personal, professional and legal.
Everyone should be aware of own scope of competence and stay within those limits. Competence is not constant and should be continually re-evaluated
200
Fitness to practice
Ability to meet professional standards. Appropriate skills, knowledge, character and health. In professional and private life
201
Does COC apply to SVN
No
202
Reflective practice
Aware of strengths and weaknesses, have self-perceptions and be willing to learn from our own performances.
203
Reflection
Conscious effort to think about activity or incident that allows us to consider what was positive or challenging and plan how it could be improved/done differently in the future
204
Bortons model
Reflection. Three simple questions: what? So what? Now what?
205
John's model
Reflection. 5 areas: description of experience, reflection, influencing factors, could i have dealt better, learning
206
Gibbs
Reflective cycle. 6 stages: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, action plan
207
Opinion based medicine
Using own experiences, judgment and intuition
208
EBP/EBVM
Evidence based practice/evidence based veterinary medicine relies on scientific evidence to help make best clinical decisions
209
Applying evidence to practice 5 A's
Ask the question, aquire the best evidence, appraise the evidence, apply the evidence in practice, assess the outcome
210
Researching evidence
Current, relevant, reliable and valid. Peer reviews articles, reference books that aren't too aged, some websites
211
Stages of clinical governance
Reflection, analysis, improvement
212
Consent
Deliberate or implied affirmation: compliance with a course of proposed action. Consent is required for any procedure
213
Express consent
Clear, definite, exact and unmistaken
214
Implied consent
Not specifically expressed, but inferred from behaviour
215
Verbal consent
Given verbally e.g. Over phone
216
Written consent
Signature on a form. Preferred form of consent
217
Valid consent
If consent is not valid, it is not true consent or legally binding. Owners must have adaquete information that they understand, be mentally competent and sufficient in age and maturity
218
Informed consent
Given by the client after being advised of all the information in great detail. Otherwise they do not have a choice
219
Mental competence
Individuals may be competent to make some decisions and not others, depends on the issue at hand. Learning difficulties, alcohol impairment, mental illness etc
220
Ensuring client understanding
RCVS advises clients take active role in discussions, VS provides explanations in non-technical language and considers language/communication needs
221
Contracts <18
Lack capacity to make binding contracts. Lack ability to pay and should not be made liable for fees. Parent or guardian is not liable unless agreed with them first
222
Trespass
Part of civil law. Interference with someone's property without consent
223
Treatment without consent
Number of implications. VS may not be paid, owner may raise an action against VS for trespass, if contracted for a procedure and the VS goes beyond, may raise action for breach of contract
224
Breach of contract
Civil law. Breaking the terms in a contract
225
Emplyemt contracts
Employment conditions, rights, responsibilities, duties (terms)
226
Client/practice contract
Record agreement to carry out specific procedures. Part of clinical records
227
Types of complaints
Professional, criminal, civil, whistleblowing
228
What do complaints offer opportunity for
Reflection and correction
229
What leads to professional complaint
Breaching RVN COC (professional misconduct)
230
What leads to criminal complaint
Breaching criminal law. e.g. AWA/VSA/VMD
231
What leads to civil complaint
Breaching civil law e.g. negligence, trespass, breach of contract
232
Who can raise a concern to RCVS
Public and practice team
233
Potential consequences of professional complaint
Found guilty of professional misconduct, removed from register, unable to perform schedule 3 anymore
234
Criminal Law system
Criminal Justice. Magistrates Court/Crown Court (England and Wales)
235
Civil Law system
Civil Justice. County Court/High Court
236
Potential consequences of criminal complaint
Fine, prison sentence, community order
237
Other types of (non-vet) criminal offences
Theft, fraud, murder
238
Who is involved during criminal investigation
Police, in animal welfare cases, RSPCA
239
In AWA (criminal law) where is VN duty of care
To the animal
240
Potential consequences of civil complaint
Sued, sanction of compensation, injunction
241
Types of civil law disputes
Between individuals or organisations
242
Under civil law, what is an animal
Property
243
Determine if duty of care was breached
Look at the standard, would another practice agree?
244
Chattels
Valuables that are found in a deceased’s estate
245
Whistleblowing
Reporting wrong-doing at work, but it must be in the public interest (affect others) and not personal grievances
246
Are whistleblowers protected by law
Yes, and should not be treated unfairly, but can still receive negative consequences like harassment, or pressure
247
Examples that can lead to whistleblowing
Criminal offence, risk/damage to environment, breaking the law, covering up wrong-doing
248
3 stages of whistleblowing
Try to find internal solution, contact professional association, go public
249
Community order
A criminal sanction
250
Compensation
A civil sanction. Money paid to claimant (also known as damages)
251
Fine
Criminal sanction. Money paid to criminal court
252
Informed consent
Consent that is given after being advised in detail of nature, benefits, costs and risks of a suggested course of action
253
Injunction
A civil sanction. Preventing someone from doing something
254
Liable
Verdict in civil court. Meaning person is at fault
255
Ethics
Right and wrong of human actions, what should and should not be done. Concerned with facts, not feeling
256
Autonomy
Respect a persons freedom to choose what is right for them. Self-governing, allow the client to make their own decision. Respecting animals own choices e.g. when to eat/sleep
257
Non-maleficence
Do no harm above all. Do my actions harm or make things worse? Do benefits outweigh the cost?
258
Beneficence
All choices for a patient are made with the intent to do good. Do actions benefit patient or client? Improve welfare in short and long term
259
Justice
Treat and provide care fairly to all. Individual needs differ, are all clients and patients being treated equally? With the same opportunities?
260
3 types of ethical theories
Utilitarianism (consequentialism), deontology, virtue ethics - frameworks to enable ethical decision making
261
Consequentialism
Theories that focus on the consequences of an action to determine if right or wrong. The right action has the best overall result
262
Problem with consequentialist theories
Not always possible to predict the outcomes of decisions
263
Utilitarianism
(Spock). Greatest good for the greatest number of people. What produces the most happiness?
264
Problems with utilitarianism
Ignores the minority, the rights of the few are ignored
265
Deontology
Duty based, follow the rules and do not consider the consequences. Concerned with what people do. Provided the individual has adhered to duty, they have acted ethically
266
What does deontology consider that utilitarianism does not
Individual rights
267
Legal duties as VN
VSA, AWA, Civil law, GDPR, Health and Safety, criminal law
268
Professional duties as VN
COC, CPD, scope of competence
269
Ethical duties as VN
Autonomy - allow rights to make own decision, beneficence - do good, non-maleficence - no intentional harm, justice - remain fair
270
Personal duties as VN
Adhere to duty, appropriate behaviour, fit to practice, remain calm under pressure, support colleagues
271
Virtue ethics
Nature determines whether we behave ethically. If an individual has a caring nature, then any act they carry out is caring. A person who is morally good, will act correctly
272
Ethical conflicts can arise between
Owners who are paying, the animal and the veterinary team
273
Dangerous dogs act
1991. Illegal to own, sell, breed, give away or abandon specific breeds/types of dog
274
Which dogs are banned on the DDA 1991
Pit Bull Terrier, Japanese Tosa, Dogo Argentino, Fila Brasileiro, and XL Bully.
275
Personal development and growth
Progress both clinically and as a professional person. Must be able to reflect and identify
276
Fixed mindset
Ability is innate. Honest reflection is uncomfortable as they feel it reflects on them as a person
277
Growth mindset
Ability can improve with instruction and practice. Poor performance just means they don't have the knowledge and ability at that time
278
What can make honest reflection more difficult
Fear of judgement
279
Resilience
Ability to cope in adverse circumstances and maintain a sense of equilibrium
280
Factors improving resilience
Identify and accept personal limitations, realistic expectations, supportive relationships, mindfulness, core values
281
Strategy to improve resilience
Outcome you would like, what needs to change, what actions need taking, what help is needed
282
Empathy
Put yourself into another persons shoes
283
Active listening
Listening to understand
284
Win/win person
Enough success to go around. Lose nothing when a friend succeeds
285
Social capitol
Extend to which we have relationships that can help and support. To have a good friend, you must be a good friend
286
Mindfulness
Paying attention to the present moment. Increase awareness. Aware of the here and now without analysing
287
Stress
A natural response to feeling threatened or pressured. Not all stress is bad. Some can motivate/chlenge.
288
Compassion fatigue
Caregiver takes in suffering and pain of patient and feels as their own
289
Secondary trauma
A type of psychological trauma that can occur when someone experiences the trauma of another person
290
Burnout
Caregiver feels overwhelmed by their work and feels less engaged
291
What can help with stress, burnout and compassion fatigue
Aware of strengths/weaknesses, appropriate boundaries, assertiveness, being responsibly selfish
292
Who can cope the best with stress
Ability to cope varies for each person. Level of support and control in a situation is also a factor
293
Time blocking
Set amount of time for a task
294
Time batching
Group similar tasks together and work on them together
295
Self care
Very easily forgotten. Nutritious diet, enough sleep, regular exercise, connect with friends, avoid people who drain
296
Resilience at work
Autonomy over schedule, practice meetings, culture of support, realistic challenges, being mentored
297
Practice framework for ethical decision making
Identify - course of action free from opinions. Establish - interests all all parties, progression guidance and animal welfare. Formulate - identify ethical issues and choose course. Minimise - harm.
298
Tail docking and dew claw removal
Illegal unless certified working dog or for medical reasons. Must be less than 5 days old
299
What are the legal requirements for dogs to travel to an EU country
M/C, rabies vaccs, 12 weeks or older, examined by VS 10 days before, AHC, documentation, tapeworm treatment
300
Lifetime costs of dogs (according to PDSA)
Small - £4600 to £8900. Medium - £7000 to £13000. Large - £5700 to £13000
301
Lifetime costs of cats (according to PDSA)
£12000
302
Lifetime costs of rabbits (according to PDSA)
£6500 to £9000
303
First general animal protection law
Protection of animals act 1911
304
Morals
Individual values and beliefs
305
Moral stress
When moral belief conflicts with an ethical dilemma
306
Ethical dilemma
Several acceptable ethical options available, no clear right or wrong solution
307
Who is responsible for utilitarinism
Betham
308
Who is responsible for deontology
Kant - like the good place
309
Who is responsible for virtue ethics
Aristotle
310
Equality act
2010. Protect from discrimination in the workplace/society. Unfair treatment regarding protected characteristics is civil or court claim
311
Rabies vaccs
Must be over 12 weeks old. Blood test for antibodies after 30 days. Then must wait for 3 months after antibody test to travel
312
Paraprofessional
Someone who assists professionals in a variety of fields
313
COSHH
2002. Control substances hazardous to health
314
How many consecutive hours of rest are legally required between shifts
11
315
Regulations controlling waste disposal
Control of pollution act 1974. Control of waste regulations 1992. EPA 1990
316
Maximum prison sentence for fatal dog incident under DDA 1991
14 years
317
What year was BVNA formed
1965
318
Which legislation requires dogs to wear ID tag for identification
Control of dogs order 1992
319
How many total hours much a VN train
2990
320
How long must accident records be kept for
3 years
321
Maximum hours of work a week unless opt out
48
322
AWA cover
England and Wales
323
How often are risk assessment updated
Annually
324
By law, what is the maximum amount of litters a bitch can produce in lifespan
6
325
PDSA
People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
326
Which charity provides free vet treatment to those receiving benefits
PDSA
327
Examples of manual handling aids
Stretcher, sling, hoist, table
328
How often do first aiders update training
3 years
329
Jargon
Words or expressions used by a profession or group difficult for others to understand
330
Models of interprofessional practice
There is no set practice staffing model, however, there are recognised elements
331
Recognised elements of interprofessional practice
Promotion, opportunity, communication, respect, collective leadership, trust, shared decision making
332
Vet lead team
BVA developed the concept. Hub-and-spoke model to demonstrate how vets provide oversight of care provided
333
What act is there for farriers
Farriers registration act 1975
334
Are veterinary physiotherapists regulated
No
335
Types of practice
General, referral (specialist), emergency
336
Buildings and contents insurance
Protects against costs of loss or damage. If leased, thus is landlord responsibility
337
Business motor insurance
Company vehicle insured for business use. Need to ensure personal vehicles used for work also
338
Business legal protection insurance
Cost of legal expenses when claims are made by or against
339
Product liability insurance
Covers claims made when product supplied causing damage to customer
340
Business interruption
Covers financial trading loss when insured event results in damage
341
Stock insurance
Covers costs of replacing stock due to damage, theft or destruction
342
Personal accident insurance
Individual loss of income in the event of accident, injury or death. Usually partners or business owners benefit
343
What year did PSS start
2005. Reviewed in 2015
344
Methods of communicating
Verbal, written, visual, non-verbal
345
Most important communication skill
Active listening
346
Model for VN-client interaction adapted by Radford and others 2006
Prepare for consultation, initiate consultation, gather information, physical exam, explain and plan, close consultation
347
Skills and tasks through consultation
Observation, build relationships, provide structure
348
Paralanguage
The way in which words are spoken, such as speed, pitch, tone
349
Haptics
Use of touch to communicate
350
A good way to describe interprofessional practice
The team working together
351
Visual communication
Uses visual aids such as pictures, graphs and videos
352
Non verbal communication
Body language, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact
353
How much cpd per year must an SQP undertake
3
354
Which piece of legislation concerns the use of radiation in vet practice
Ionizing radiation regulations 2017
355
Smart - goal setting
Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-framed
356
MMI
Mind matters initiative. Developed by RCVS. Mental health awareness training and resource to support wellbeing of vet staff
357
EBVM 5 stages
Ask, aquire, appraise, apply, assess
358
Systematic review
Critical analysis of a range if existing evidence
359
Randomised control trial
Controlled experiments where subjects are randomly chosen and assigned to groups
360
Meta analysis
Analyses data from combination of random control trials
361
Cohort studies
Observational study measures outcomes over a period of time
362
Uncontrolled study
Does not control chosen subjects or interventions (result of availability or convenience)
363
Case control studies
Compare cases retrospectively
364
Case report
Descriptive report on a single or small group of cases
365
Expert opinion
Opinion of individual or panel of experts
366
Heriachy of evidence based on effectiveness. Sackett 1989
5 levels graded into 3 groups. A, 1 - RANDOMISED TRIALS CLEAR RESULTS. B, 2 - RANDOMISED TRAIL WITH UNCLEAR RESULTS. C, 3,4,5 - COHORT STUDIES, HISTORICAL COHORT CASE CONTROL, UNCONTROLLED STUDIES
367
EBVM can be applied to
Diagnosis and treatment common conditions, decisions on drugs to stock, formation of clinical protocols, develop personal skills and knowledge base, review new information, clinical governance e
368
Sharing essential client information without permission
Where the clinet has not given permission, but VS believes welfare or public are compromised, the RCVS must be consulted before information is divulged
369
5 stages of grief
Kubler-Ross 1969 developed. Adapted by Kessler in 2005. (Kesslee 2020).
Denual, Angel, bargaining, depression and acceptance
370
Which document provides guidance to training providers and students on expected standards during training
RCVS fitness to practice
371
What factor is not important to the reliability of an evidence base
Which peer reviews journal it is published in
372
What do meta-analysis and systematic reviews have in common
Critically analyse previously published evidence
373
If a client requests a copy of clinical hirtoty, how soon does this need to be provided
40 days
374
When comparing the strength of an evidence base it should be considered
The size of the cohort involved in the study
375
Descartes vs Bentham
Unfeeling machine vs argued welfare should be considered
376
Nursing process ANPIE
Assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
377
Non verbal communication
Body language
378
Calgary Cambridge model
Intimate session, gather information, physical information, explanation and planning, close session
379
Open questions
Variety of responses for max info
380
Closed questions
Yes or no response for confirming facts
381
Sensory impairment
Hearing impairment, visual impairment, language barrier
382
The three A's when things go wrong
Acknowledge, apology, assurance
383
Assisting with euthanasia
Clinet support, animal support, veterinary support, equipment
384
QOL concept and scale. HHHHHMM
Rolling, 2006. Hurt, hunger, hydration, hygiene, happiness, mobility, more good days than bad
