VM 602 Physiology Proteins

Question 1

What are the main components that make up an amino acid?

Answer 1

a carbon bonded to a hydrogen, acidic carboxyl, and an R group

Question 2

What links amino acids together to make a protein’s secondary structure?

Answer 2

covalent peptide bonds ( a bond between the nitrogen of the amino group binding to the carbon of the acidic carboxyl group)

Question 3

The regular repeating patterns of alpha helices and beta sheets of secondary protein structures maximize what for what reason?

Answer 3

maximize hydrogen bonding to maximize stability of the structure.

Question 4

Which secondary structure form has the max amount of hydrogen bonds that a polypeptide chain can assume?

Answer 4

alpha helix

Question 5

What forces cause the tertiary structure of a protein to form?

Answer 5

hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, ionic bonds, van Der walls interactions and hydrophobic interactions

Question 6

What is the difference between tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins?

Answer 6

a tertiary structure is the simplest form a protein that is functional and a quaternary structure is when when multiple tertiary structures come together to do more complicated functions.

Question 7

What are the two main forms of proteins?

Answer 7

globular and fibrous

Question 8

What are globular proteins?

Answer 8

proteins that are spheroidal in shape, relatively soluble in water and function as catalysts, transporters and signal transducers.

Question 9

What are fibrous proteins?

Answer 9

large proteins with long cylindrical shapes with low water solubility and play a structural rather than dynamic role.

Question 10

What are properties of collagen?

Answer 10

collagen provides tensile strength and is a major component of connective tissues.

Question 11

What are main amino acid compositions of collagen?

Answer 11

Glycine, proline, 4-hydroxyproline and 3-hydroxproline

Question 12

Why does vitamin C deficiency cause scurvy?

Answer 12

Vitamin C us needed by the enzyme that turns proline into hydroxyproline- which is an important component of collagen. No Vitamin C means no hydroxyproline which causes weakened connective tissue, easy bruising and bleeding gums.

Question 13

What is Keq?

Answer 13

The ratio of product (B) being formed versus substrate (A) being formed in a chemical equation =[B]/[A]=K1/K-1

Question 14

If Keq is >1

Answer 14

a reaction is favorable and more product [B] is created

Question 15

if Keq is <1

Answer 15

a reaction is unfavorable and product will be converted into substrate or not be formed.

Question 16

If a reaction is favorable then free energy or delta G is what?

Answer 16

<0

Question 17

If a reaction is unfavorable then free energy or delta G is what?

Answer 17

> 0