VLE 1 Extra-Oral exam Flashcards
What should you consider before you start the clinical examination. Eg. age etc?
- age of pt
- what the pt is complaining of, may be the parents
- what the pt expectations are
- does the pt know what to expect
- will the pt wear braces or removable appliances
What should you check for in medical history before the clinical examination?
- diabetes
- epilepsy
- allergy to nickel and latex
- medications like ciclosporin and phenytoin that can cause gingival hyperplasia
What is the problem with taking steroids and orthodontics?
Steroids make you more prone to candida infections with removable appliances
What to check for in dental history?
- regular/irregular attendee
- any previous experience of dentistry
- any previous orthodontic treatment
- any history of dental trauma
What to ask for in social history?
- diet
- attitude
- ability to attend appointments
- school
What does the extra-oral assessment involve?
Analysis of the skeletal components and the soft tissues
What is extra-oral examination split into?
Skeletal and TMJ
What is skeletal examination split into?
- Anterio-posterior (AP)
- Vertical proportions
- Transverse
What is Anterio-posterior split into?
- Class 1
- Class 2
- Class 3
What is vertical proportions split into?
- Frankfurt mandibular plane angle
- Lower anterior facial height
What is transverse split into?
- Symmetrical
- Asymmetrical
What is TMJ split into?
- pain
- clicks
- locking
- deviation of mandible on opening/closing
What is a class 1 relationship?
- the ideal AP relationship
- mandible is 2-3mm posterior to the maxilla
- face appears well balanced
Where are the fingers in class 1 relationship?
Fingers are roughly parallel to the floor
What is the definition of a class 2 relationship?
In relation to the maxilla, the mandible appears more posterior (retruded) than in a class 1 case
What is the reason for a class 2 case?
- the maxilla being too far forwards
- the mandible being too far back (retrognathic)
Where can you drop a line to in a class 2 face?
Can drop a line from the deepest concavity of the nasal bridge to the deepest concavity of the mandible. The chin point is behind the line which means it is class 2.
Where are the fingers in a class 2 relationship?
The hand drops down compared to a class 1
What is the definition of a class 3 relationship?
In class 3 the mandible is further anterior than the maxilla.
What may be the reasons for a class 3?
- mandible being too large (prognathic)
- the maxilla being set too far back (retrognathic)
- the maxilla being too small (hypoplastic)
- or a combination of all
