Vivaldi Movement 1

Question 1

Ritornello bars 1 - 13

Answer 1

• D Major
• Flute depicts the sound of goldfinch using ascending arpeggios and trills.
• The orchestra is in unison octaves, using energetic dotted rhythms and repeated notes
• First Four bars are based on Tonic and dominant harmony, with flute and strings in dialogue

Question 2

Episode 1 Bars 13 - 20

Answer 2

• D major
• Flute part is unaccompanied, and uses a limited pitch range at first to depict birdcalls.
• Bars 13-18 mostly use repeated 4ths (dominant to tonic) with increasing rapidity
• Bars 18-20 use scales, repeated notes and trills

Question 3

Ritornello 21 - 26

Answer 3

• D major

- The strings remain in unison for the first four bars, but the last two bars are fully harmonised now

Question 4

Episode 2 26 - 47

Answer 4

• D major
• Flute in b26-31 contains distinct upper and lower voices; the upper voices rises by step up to the tonic, while the lower voice contains detached repeated notes.
• Strings have soft trills in dialogue with the flute
  Sequence in b32-39 using broken chords moves via E minor to B minor
• Bars 39 - 46 contain another sequence, all in B minor, with leaps in dotted rhythm in the flute part. The new key is confirmed by a V-i cadnece in b47

Question 5

Ritornello 47 - 52

Answer 5

• B minor

- All in unison Octaves

Question 6

Episode 3 53 - 76

Answer 6

• Begins with rising semitones in the flute part, moving into F*minor in b56-61 then returning to B minor.
• Flute and strings are in imitative dialogue in bars 56 - 59 and 62 - 64, decorated the tonic chord with trills
• A new sequence in b65-68 leads briefly to A major (the dominant key) from b68 with futher imitative trills over tonic harmony

Question 7

Ritornello theme 96 - 100

Answer 7

• D major

Question 8

Episode 3 77 - 96

Answer 8

• The broken chord sequence in bars 77-80 recalls bars 32-36, in D major and E minor. It continuues as a circle of 5ths progression in D major in b81-84
• Bars 85-87 contains imitative dialogue between the flute and strings, using tonic and dominant harmony
• There is a brief modulation to D minor in b88-90, but the passage otherwise remains in D major
• Melody risies by semitones in b90-92. Repeated tonic notes, broken octaves and a descending scale leads to a V-I cadence, decorated with a trill in the flute part in b95-96

Question 9

Ritornello Bars 5 - 13

Answer 9

• There is a sequence in b5-8 based on a circle of 5ths harmonic progression beginning and ending on tonic
• The flute and strings are in unison octaves in b9-12 using scales and trills leading to a V - I cadence in b12-13
• Forms elision