Viva Ques Flashcards
What is halitosis?
Halitosis is a foul or offensive odour emancipating from the oral cavity.
Classify halitosis? On aetiology
1.based on aetiology
A.local factors
~ pathological origin: caries, cysts, periodontal disease
~non pathological origin: food debris , dentures, saliva stagnation
B. Systemic factors
- pathological: liver diseases, DM, TB
- non pathological: diet, alcohol consumption
C.xerostomia
- Sjögren’s syndrome
- radiation therapy
Classify halitosis based on patients criteria?
- genuine halitosis
- pseudohalitosis
- Halitophobia 
What are the intra oral causes for halitosis?
- Dentition- caries, food impaction, wounds filled with clots, acrylic dentures
- PDL infection: gingivitis, periodontitis,
- Dry mouth
- Tongue and tongue coating - hairy tongue, food&bacteria
What are the extra little causes for halitosis?
- ENT infection – pharyngitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis
- bronchitis and lungs – bronchitis
- GIT – regurgitation Jesus fitness, gastric hernia
- liver – cirrhosis( ammonia is released)
- Kidney-glomerulonephritis(ammonia like breath)
- Diabetes mellitus- ketone bodies breakdown , sweet pungent odour
- Hormonal factors: menstruation, ovulation
Why is our gingiva firm and resilient?
It is firm and resilient due to presence of collagenous nature of lamina propria and it’s contiguity with Mucoperiosteum of alveolar bone
Define stippling ? At what age is it visible and at what age it disappears? Why is it present.
Stippling is the orange peel appearance of ginger ever it is absent in infancy, appears in children at five years and increases in adulthood, disappears in old age.
It is due to the connective tissue projections, elevations and depressions on stratified squamous epithelium
What are the local factors causing bleeding on probing?
Caries Mouth breathing Overhangs Partial dentures Recession Freenum pull Malposition and teeth Iatrogenic factors
What are the systemic factors causing bleeding on probing?
Vitamin C deficiency Allergy Platelet disorders – thrombocytopenia Vitamin K deficiency Haemophilia Leukaemia Pregnancy Drugs like anti-convulsant antihypertensive and CCB
Define gingival recession?
Gingival recession is exposure of the root surface due to apical shift in the position of gingiva.
Classify gingival recession?
Gingival recession can be classified according to Millers into –
Class I : marginal tissue recession that does not extend to mucogingival junction. No soft tissue or interdental bone loss.
Class II : marginal tissue recession extend to or beyond mucogingival junction. No soft tissue or interdental bone loss.
Class III: marginal tissue recession extend beyond mucogingival junction. soft tissue or interdental bone loss & malposition of teeth
Class IV: marginal tissue recession extend beyond mucogingival junction. SEVERE soft tissue or interdental bone loss & malposition of teeth
What are the causes for recession?
Primary – plaque and calculus
Secondary-
anatomy factors: malposition, dehiscence and fenestrations, mesiodistal curvature of truth
Habits – faulty brushing technique
Iatrogenic factors–primary trauma from occlusion, orthodontic movement
Physiological factors-age
Classify furcation?
According to Glickman–
Grade I – incipient bone loss, supra bony pocket involving new radiographic changes
Grade II – partial bone loss (cul-de-sac appearance) radiographic changes may or may not be there
Grade III- interarticular bone is completely lost, through passes through and through, radiographic changes seen, furcation not visible clearly clinically
Grade IV -gingival tissue recedes apically furcation opening is seen clinically.
Pathological & physiological causes for tooth mobility ?
Local factors: I. Bone loss & loss of tooth support ., bone destruction , tfo_ 2. Hypofunction. 3.periapical pathology 4. Bruxism & clenching 5. Tumour and cyst 6. Overjet & overbite 7. Traumatic injury
Systemic factors
- age
- Oral contraceptives
- Pregnancy
- Down’s syndrome.
- Neutropenia
- Extended spectrum antibiotics
What is siccadious mobility & quentin furcation ?
Half moon shallow radius funcation curettes that into funcation areas. Two types -bl 1_ 0.9mm &bla
