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VIVA PREP > VIVA PREP > Flashcards

VIVA PREP Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the 5A’s for smoking cessation advice when speaking to a patient

A

ASK pt if they use tobacco
ADVISE on benefits of quitting
ASSESS willingness to quit
ASSIST in quit attempt
ARRNGE follow up dental appointment and praise each visit

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2
Q

Describe the 5R’S regarding smoking cessation advice

A

RELEVANCE
RISKS
REWARDS
ROADBLOCKS
REPETITION
- these are only used when a patient is not in a place to stop, aim here is to provide motivation to POTENTIALLY STOP.

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3
Q

what aids are there available to stop smoking

A

NRT
non-nicotene products

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4
Q

How can we work out pack years

A

no of packs/day multiplied by no of years the pt has smoked for

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5
Q

describe some NRT methods

A
  • gum/lozenges
  • e-cigarettes
    -microtabs
    -patches
    -nasal spray
    -inhaler
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6
Q

Describe some non-nicotene products

A
  • hypnosis
  • ‘dummy cigarettes’
    -diet and exercise
    -complementary therapies
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7
Q

how do we decide whether to intervene/treat caries

A

how extensive the caries are
- if more than 50% into enamel we treat
- if less than 50%, treat as enamel caries
ANYTHING INTO DENTINE OCCLUSALLY, WE INTERVENE

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8
Q

list ways we can dx caries

A
  • rads
  • clinically
  • seps to see ID
  • transillumination
  • caries detection dyes
  • dry/clean the tooth
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9
Q

time frame for pts radiographs

A

high risk - 6/12
moderate risk - 12 months
high risk - 2 years

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10
Q

what different types of composite do we have

A

PARTICLE SIZE - micro/macro/nanofilled/hybrid
WAY IT IS CURED - heat/light/chemical
TYPE OF COMPOSITE - flowable, bulk, conventional

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11
Q

Constituents of composite

A

filler (silica powder/glass)
resin matrix
camphorquinone (activator)
coupling agent

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12
Q

bacteria causing caries

A

s.mutans (aciduric/acidogenic, gram +)
lactobacilli - facultative
actinomyces (root caries)

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13
Q

How does caries cause damage

A

fermentation - the break down of acid

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14
Q

diff types of LA

A

lidocaine
articaine (if IDB unsuccessful)
prilocaine

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15
Q

Whats in an LA cartilage

A

LA agent
epinephrine
solvent
water
fungacide

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16
Q

List the 4 liners used to protect the pulp

A

zinc oxide euginol
zinc phosphate
hard setting CaOH
Resin GI

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17
Q

what is the gold standard for moisture control

A

DAM
provides airway protection
best way to isolate tooth
protects sts in mouth

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18
Q

properties/function of etch

A

removes enamel changing the structure of prisms
it creates micromechanical tags - lock and key effect
exposes dentine tubules and removes the ‘smear’ layer

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19
Q

properties/function of primer

A

bond has a solvent in, therefore need to make surface of dentine hydrophobic to hydrophillic

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19
Q

properties/function of bond

A

like a ‘glue’ flows into dentinal tubules and sticks w AID of primer

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20
Q

Name of mobility index

A

MILLERS MOBILITY INDEX

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21
Q

name of index to measure furcation

A

hamp et al

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22
Q

types of tbing technique

A

modified BASS technique
mini scrub
roll technique
modified stillman technique

23
Q

what does smoking do to perio dentition

A

smoking reduces effects of motile neutrophils - effect is reduced
hyperkeratosis
smoking damages fibroblasts meaning loss of collagen/elasticity in tissue

24
Q

RSD is achieving to what…

A

render the rs biologically compatible with healing

25
Q

name the 2 types of USS

A

magneto-strictive - nickel stacks
piezo -crystals - vibrates slightly more than magneto-strictive

26
Q

3 modes of action USS

A

cavitational
acoustic streaming
mechanical vibration

27
Q

What is the HISTOPATHOLOGY of enamel caries? (4)

A
  1. Surface Zone
  2. Body of Lesion
  3. Dark Zone
  4. Translucent Zone
28
Q

What is the treatment for a WSL (3)

A
  • diet advice
  • OHI
  • F/V
29
Q

What is the HISTOPATHOLOGY of Dentine Caries? (3)

A
  • Zone of destruction (necrotic dentine)
  • Zone of bacterial invasion
  • Advancing front of lesion (closest to pulp) - only acid here - NO BACTERIA
30
Q

What 4 things need to be present for caries to develop?

A

time, sugar, plaque, surface

31
Q

What are the ways we can REDUCE or PREVENT caries (4)

A

TBing
F/S
Corrected diet/stick snacking to meal times
F/V

32
Q

What is the different bacteria that causes caries ? (3 main ones)

A

S.mutans - gram pos aerobic which is ACIDURIC/ACIDOGENIC

Lactobacilli - facultative anaerobe

Actinomyces (root caries)

33
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Break down of acid which is how caries CAUSES DAMAGE

34
Q

What does CARIOGENIC mean

A

The ability to CAUSE disease

35
Q

what does ACIDOGENIC mean

A

The ability to produce acid (lactic acid)

36
Q

Describe one mode of action in fluoride for caries prevention (there are 4 modes of action)

A

Fluorapatite forms when fluoride is present rather than hydroxyapatite (during the remin process)
Fluoride ions replace the OH (hydroxyl) ions.
Fluorapatite is LESS soluble than Hyroxyapatite under acidic conditions meaning it can withstand further acidic attacks.
Because of the replacement of the ions we get calcium fluorapatite CRYSTALS - this has a critical pH of 4.5 (can withstand more of an acidic environment!)
REMEMBER pH of mouth is 5.5!

37
Q

Describe the second mode of action in fluoride for caries prevention

A

PLAQUE PH
- there is a constant equilibrium in the mouth in which remineralisation and demineralisation occurs so one can unbalance the other.

so therefore, FLUORIDE causes more of an abundance of calcium and phosphate ions in saliva which allows REMINERALIZATION!

38
Q

Describe a third mode of action that fluoride can do to prevent caries

A

it can have an effect on the morphology of the tooth - more rounded cusps and flatter fissures. this would have been given when the teeth are developing.

39
Q

Describe the 4th mode of action that fluoride can have to prevent the development of caries

A

it has an effect on bacteria - fluoride is BACTERIOSTATIC (inhibits the growth) which can lower the overall number of s.mutans

40
Q

What does saliva contain

A

calcium and phosphate

41
Q

Describe the Stephan curve

A

The Stephan Curve illustrates how the pH of dental plaque fluctuates over time and its effect on the demineralization and remineralization processes. It typically shows a sharp drop in pH following the consumption of sugary or acidic foods and beverages, indicating increased acid production by oral bacteria. This acidic environment (if it drops below 5.5) promotes demineralization, leading to tooth decay. As the pH rises due to saliva production and other factors, remineralization becomes more prevalent, helping to repair the enamel.

42
Q

What does SIMD stand for

A

Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation

43
Q

What are some methods of topical fluoride delivery

A

Duraphat
MW
Toothpaste
APF gels (acidated, phopphate, fluoride)

44
Q

What are some systemic methods of fluoride delivery

A

Fluoridated water taps
Fluoridated milk/salts
FLuoridtabs/drops

45
Q

If a patient is in pain from caries, what do we call it> - 2 terms

A

REVERSIBLE/IRREVERSIBLE pulpitis

46
Q

What is reversible pulpitis (3)

A

brought on by sweet/hot/cold. pain stops when stimuli is removed
looks like an EARLY carious lesion
radiographically caries into dentine

47
Q

What is IRREVERSIBLE pulpitis ? (3)

A

Constant pain, only relieved by analgaesics , kept awake etc
clinically, sign of infection ie sinus, raised temp, loss of marginal ridge
caries close to pulp for radiolucency

48
Q

What are the tests we could do to test for pulp diagnosis

A

TTP
ethyl chloride

49
Q

What are we testing when we test VITALITY

A

blood supply of pulp

50
Q

what does ICDAS stand for

A

International Caries Detection and Assessment System

51
Q

What role does saliva play in PREVENTION of caries (4)

A

Keeps bacteria flowing in/out
pH balance , buffers acids
Produces ca and phosphate (alkaline)
Contains anitbacterial factors

52
Q

How does plaque cause disease in the periodontium ?

A

As plaque matures during the development of gingivitis and the sub-gingival environment develops, the flora shifts from gram pos to gram neg and becomes more MOTILE and ANAEROBES. Bacteria may cause ulceration through enzymes or via host inlammatory response

53
Q

How is gingivitis caused

A

due to the QUANTITY of plaque - plaque removal = solution

54
Q

What does early gingival inflammation involve regarding host response

A

it is involved in the innate immunity which is the FIRST line of defence

55
Q

What occurs in innate immunity

A

it involves intact epithelial barriers, lubrication of epithelium, the complement cascade, cell-signalling molecules like cytokines which recruit specific lymphocytes, macrophages etc

56
Q

What factors need to be present for perio disease to occur

A

QUALITY AND VIRULENCE FACTORS (ability of organism to infect the host)

enzymes - collagenase
toxins like exo and endo

metabolic products too

VIVA PREP (1 decks)

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