VIVA PREP

Question 1

SternoclavicularJoint

Answer 1

3 Points.

1. It is a synodal joint and has a disc inside the joint
2. allows movement of the clavicle in 3 planes
3. elevation and depression

Question 2

acrominoclavicular joint

Answer 2

synovial joint - plane style
provides ability to raise arms over head
blood supply is from the thoracoacromial and supracscapular artery

Question 3

Suprascapular artery

Answer 3

originated from the subclavian artery and thoracoacrominal arteries which originates from the axillary artery

Question 4

acromion process

Answer 4

1. deltoid and trapezius attach to this structure
2. acrominoclavicular ligament attaches the clavicle to the acromion here
3. function is to help stabilise the shoulder joint

Question 5

Coracoid process

Answer 5

1/ stabilises the shoulder joint 
2/ small hook-like structure on the laterally edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapular 
3/muscle attachment 
- pectoralis 
minor coracobrachialis 
biceps brachi

Question 6

inferior angel of scapula

Answer 6

1. covered by the latissimus doors
2. it moves forwards around he chest when the arm is abducted
3. inferior angel is formed by the union of the medial and lateral border of the scapula

Question 7

medial border of scapula

Answer 7

points of attachment for 
serrates Magnus 
supraspinatus and infraspinatus 
levator anguli scapulae 
Rhomboid minor and major

Question 8

Serratus Magnus

Answer 8

One of the serratus muscles of the back and thorax. The serratus magnus originates from the lateral aspect (the side) of the first eight to nine ribs and inserts into the medial margin of the scapula (wing bone). The serratus anterior rotates scapula and pulls it forward and elevates the ribs.

Question 9

Spine of Scapula

Answer 9

1. separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossa from each other
2. Origin for the Infraspinatus muscles such as the rotator cuff, supraspinatus, teres minor and subcapularis
3. the Supraspinatus helps with the abduction of the arm and the stabilisation of the humerus head in the glenoid cavity

Question 10

Borders of the Axillia

Answer 10

LOCATED in the armpit and is a pyramid shape

Question 11

borders of the Axillia - Apex

Answer 11

Apex: the axillary inlet, formed by the Lateral border of the first rib, superior border of the scapula and the posterior by the clavicle.

Question 12

Borders of the Axillia: Anterior

Answer 12

anterior walls contains the pectorals major and ht underlying pectorals minor and the subcalvius muscles

Question 13

Borders of the Axillia Posterior

Answer 13

the posterior wall: formed by the subscapularis, teres major and latissimus doors

Question 14

Borders of the Axillia medial

Answer 14

medial wall

consists of the serrates anterior and the thoracic wall which is the ribs and intercostal muscles

Question 15

Borders of the axilla laterally

Answer 15

the lateral wall: is formed by inter tubercular groove of the humerus

Question 16

The borders of the axilla - contains the

Answer 16

auxiliary artery and vein

Question 17

Deltoid

Answer 17

• anterior deltoid attaches at the collarbone and allows flexion of shoulder joint and to rotate the shoulder inwards
• innervation axillary nerve C5, C6
  middles deltoid allows abduct of arm

Question 18

Trapezius

Answer 18

Postural and active movement muscles, used to tilt, turn the head, and neck, shrug and steady the shoulders,. twist the arms
trapezius elevates, depresses, rotates and retracts these scapula
the trapezius originates from the occipital bone, ligaments niche, spinous processes of T01-T12

Question 19

Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Answer 19

attachment for the 3 rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
infrapsinatus
teres major

Question 20

Rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 20

supraspinatus
infrapsinatus
teres major

Question 21

Tell me about the
Supraspinatus
infrapsinatus
teres major

Answer 21

The supraspinatus muscle abducts the upper arm
The infraspinatus muscle externally rotates the upper arm at the shoulder.
Teres Major: Shoulder joint: Arm external rotation, arm adduction;
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 22

Cubital Tunnel

Answer 22

• passes through between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon process
• allows the ulnar nerve to pass through
• It is bordered medially by the medial epicondyle of the humerus, laterally by the olecranon process of the ulna and the tendinous arch joining the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

Question 23

Cubital fossa border:

Answer 23

Lateral border – medial border of the brachioradialis muscle.
Medial border is the lateral border of the pronator teres muscle.
- Superior border – hypothetical line between the epicondyles of
the humerus.

Question 24

Structures that pass through the cubital fossa

Answer 24

Brachial artery: supplies
oxygenated blood to the
forearm.
- Brachial vein
- Biceps tendon: attaches to the
radial tuberosity.
- Radial nerve: passes
underneath.
- Median nerve: leaves the cubital
between the two heads of the pronator teres. It supplies the majority of the flexor muscles in the forearm.

Question 25

Olecraon process of the ulna

Answer 25

• bony process - a hook-like structure that fits into
  the olecranon fossa of the humerus.
• an attachment site for several muscle groups including the flexor carpi ulnaris and anconeus, the major muscle attachment is that of the triceps.
• The triceps muscle inserts into the proximal ulna and posterior third of the olecranon.

Question 26

Wrist flexors: initiate flexion of the wrist.

Answer 26

Wrist flexors (6 muscles):
- Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR):
superficial
- Palmaris Longus (PL):
superficial
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU):
superficial
- Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis (FDS): middle
layer
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
(FDP): deep
- Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL):
deep
** All located in the anterior compartment of the forearm

Question 27

Wrist extensors:

Initiate extension of wrist.

Answer 27

Wrist extensors (9 muscles):
- Extensor carpi radialis
longus (ECRL): superficial
- Extensor carpi radialis
brevis (ECRB): superficial
- Extensor digitorum (ED)
- Extensor digiti minimi
(EDM)
- Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU):
superficial
- Extensor indicis (EI)
- Extensor pollicis longus
(EPL)
- Extensor pollicis brevis
(EPB)
- Abductor pollicis longus
(APL)
**all belong to the posterior compartment of the forearm

Question 28

Finger Flexors

Answer 28

Flexor digitorum superficialis

• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Flexor policis longus

Question 29

Finger Extensors

Answer 29

Extensor digitorum

Question 30

Thumb extensors: extend thumb

Answer 30

Thumb extensors:

• Abductor pollicis longus
• Extensor pollicis brevis
• Extensor pollicis longus

Question 31

Head of the Ulna