VIVA Flashcards
Thoracic Muscles
subcostals,
transversus thoracis (laterally from sternum
Diaphragm
Innervation - Phrenic nerve C3-C5
Opening - Caval - T8 IVC
Oesophageal T10 - Oesophagus
Aortic Hiatus T12 - Aorta
Extrinsic Back Muscles
Superfical Move superolaterally: splenius, erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)
Intermediate move superomedially:
Semispinalis, multifidus, rotafores
Intrinsic Back Muscles
Move superiorly:
Interspinalis, intertransversari
Anatomy of Vertebrae
Vertebral foramen,
spinous process (bifid in cervical for ligament attachment),
transverse process,
superior and inferior articular facets, transverse foramen above C6 for vertebral artery
Vertebral Body
Vertebral Column segments
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
3-5 Coccygeal
Blood flow in heart
Right Atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Ascending Aorta
Arch of Aorta
Descending Aorta
Abdominal Aorta
Vena Cava
Coronary Circulation
Out of aorta into the R & L coronary arteries. Right flows between atrium and ventricle. Left flows interventricularly. Left circumflex artery breaks off of left coronary and wraps posteriorly aswell as posterior descending artery.
Great cardiac vein follows the arteries
Nerve innervation of heart
Sympathetic - Cardiac Plexus T1-5
Parasympathetic - Vagus Nerve
Aortic Arch tributaries
Brachiocephalic trunk = Right common carotid & Right sublcavian
Left common carotid
Left subclavian
Left Lung
Superior and Inferior Lobes
Oblique fissure
Cardiac Notch
Right Lung
Superior, Middle, Inferior Lobes
Oblique fissure
Horizontal fissure
Abdominal Anatomy
Aorta - Bifurcates @ L4 into L & R iliac arteries
Duodenum - Superior mesenteric artery and vein go over
Kindeys –> Ureters
Pelvic Floor Anatomy
Levator Ani:
Pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, Coccygeus, puborectalis
Mesentery
Mesentery is folds of peritoneum
Between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum is the peritoneal cavity which is serous, allowing for sliding.
Stomach rugae are inner folds that allow for expansion.
Lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the superior liver.
Greater omentum connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the inferior large intestine.
Posterior abdominal Cavity muscles
Psoas minor and major are right next to the spine.
Iliacus covers the ilium of the pelvis
Quadratus lumborum is superior to both and takes a majority of the wall
Inferior Back muscles
Gluteus maximus is most posterior superficial
Gluteus medius is underneath, slightly higher, vertical strains.
Spleen Anatomy
Splenic artery is big and spans length of spleen
Superior mesenteric Artery and vein cross over the head
Liver Anatomy
Innervated by splanchic and vagus nerves
Left & Right Lobes
Hilum - Hepatic portal vein, proper hepatic artery, gallbladder
Female Anatomy
Bladder - Urethra
Uterus - Vagina
Uterus endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Fundus superior portion of uterus
Rectum
Male Anatomy
Testis & Epididymis on top
Sperm travels via ductus deferens, adds semen from seminal vesicle, passes through prostate, through ejaculatory duct and out the urethra.
Muscles of Face/Neck
Temporalis covers temporal bone
Maseter for chewing
Deep maseter also for chewing
Posterior Triangle - Bordered by trapezius posteriorly, sternocleidomastoid anteriorly and clavicle inferiorly.
Anterior Triangle - Bordered by mandible superiorly, SCM posteriorly, and midline down to sternum.
Viscerocranium
Meningeal Layers: Dura Mater forms dural folds to separate brain hemispheres. Arachnoid mater. Pia Mater.
Larynx: Epiglottis, vestibular folds, vocal fold, cricoid cartilage.
Cranium Bones
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid.
Mandible, Maxilla, zygomatic, nasal bone, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae.
Dural Sinuses
Superior and Inferior sagittal sinuses split by the falx cerebri. Both sinuses are joined by the straight sinus, converging at the confluence of sinuses.
Out laterally via occipital sinus, then down into jugular veins.
Sections of Brain
Central Sulcus (canal) precentral gyrus (motor control), and post central gyrus (touch).
Frontal Lobe = Speech/smell
Parietal Lobe - Taste
Occipital - Vision
Cranial Nerves and Foramina
CN1 - Olfactory - Cribiform Plate
CN2 - Optic - Optic canal
CN3 - Occulomotor - Sup. Orbit. Fiss.
CN4 - Trochlea - SOF
CN5-1 Opthalmic (Nasal/Forehead)
CN5-2 Maxillary - Foramen rotundum
CN5-3 Mandibular - Foramen Ovale
CN6 - Abducens - SOF
CN7 - Facial Motor - Int. Acoust. Meat.
CN8 - Vestibulocochlear - IAM
CN9 - Glossopharyngeal - Jug. Forame
CN10 - Vagus - Jug Foramen
CN11 - Accessory - Jugular Foramen
CN12 - Hypoglossal - Hypog. canal.
Pectoral Girdle Muscles
Anterior -
Pectoralis Minor - Corocoid process
Pectoralis Major - Sternum & Humerus
Serratus Anterior - Scapula and ribs
Posterior -
Levator scapula - medial scapula
Rhomboid minor - Medial scap
Rhomboid major - Medial Scap
Trapezius - Covers - Clavicle scapula
Arm Components
Anterior
Biceps brachi - Long & Short head scapula
Brachialis - Coronoid process & tuberoise
Corachobrachialis - corocoid process & medial humerus.
Posterior
Triceps brachialis - Long, Lateral, Medial head.
Forearm Components
Anterior
Superficial - Flexor carpi radiallis & ulnaris (medial epicondyle)
Intermediate - Flexor digitorum superficialis (medial epicondyle)
Deep - Flexor digitorum profundus (proximal ulna –> distal phalanges)
Posterior
Superficial - Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris (lateral epicondyle)
Thigh Compartment
Posterior - Tibial divison of sciatic nerve
Bicep femoris - long and short
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
Medial - Obtruator nerve except magnus
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus
Anterior - Femoral nerve, not psoas major
iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus mediallis, vastus laterallis.
Leg Compartment
Posterior - Tibial Nerve
Superficial - soleus, gastrocnemius
Deep - Popliteus, tibialis posterior
Lateral - Superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
Anterior - Deep fibular nerve
Tibialis anterior
Fibular tertius
Knee
ACL & PCL, menisci, lateral and medial collateral ligament.
Tibia and Femur main bones.
