Vitreo-retinal: Retinal anatomy + Imaging Flashcards
What is the choroid
Layer superficial to the retina, containing a capillary-rich layer (choriocapillaris) that provides blood supply to outer retinal pigment epithelium and outer 1/3 neurosensory retina
What are the layers of the retina
Superficial to deep: Bruch's membrane Retinal pigment epithelium Subretinal space Neurosensory retina
What is the Bruch’s membrane
acellular layer between choroid and retinal pigment epithelium
What structures are in the neurosensory retina
Photoreceptors:
Rods - contrast and motion, black-and-white vision
Cones - fine detail, colour vision
Bipolar cells: intermediary cells bw photoreceptor and ganglion cells
Muller cells - supporting cells
Ganglion cells: make up optic nerve
What is the subretinal space
potential space between RPE and neurosensory retina
What are the layers of neurosensory retina
Photoreceptors
Outer limiting membrane (outer process of Muller cells)
Outer nuclear layer (photoreceptor nuclei)
Outer plexiform layer
Inner nuclear layer (bipolar cell nuclei)
Inner plexiform layer
Ganglion cell layer (ganglion cell nuclei)
Nerve fibre layer (ganglion cell axons)
Inner limiting membrane (inner process of Muller cells)
What is the blood supply to retina
Inner 2/3: Central retinal artery
Outer 1/3: Choriocapillaris
What is the difference in blood supply to macula
Fovea is a capillary-free zone
Receives blood supply from choriocapillaris
What is OCT
Optical coherence tomography
Light source used to scan retina to produce high-resolution cross-sectional image
When is OCT used
Retinal oedema
Retinal thickness
Macular pathology
Optic nerve head (Glaucoma)
What is Fundus Fluorescein Angiogram
Sequence of fundus images taken after injection of Fluorescein into peripheral vein
Used to assess retina + retinal vessels in detail
What is Indocyanine Green Angiogram
Near-infrared light emitted by ICG is recorded after injection of ICG into peripheral vein
Used to assess choroidal disease - e.g. choroidal neovascularisation
