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Clinical Skills 3 > Vitreo-Retinal Examination > Flashcards

Vitreo-Retinal Examination Flashcards

1
Q

We would not dilate the eye in bio under what circumstances?

A

Narrow angles, closed angles, need for near acuity, Iris fixed IOL

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2
Q

The mirrored system in BIO allows ___-axis light to ___ reflections.

A

Off-axis light

decrease reflections

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3
Q

What type of image does a BIO produce?

A

A real, inverted image between the lens and examiner

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4
Q

The prism system in the BIO decreases the examiner’s Pd to ___mm.

A

15 mm

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5
Q

The pupils of the examiner must project into the patient’s pupil to provide what?

A

Maximal view and stereopsis

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6
Q

A Method of observation in which a converging lens forms an image in the plane of the entrance pupil of the observer is called what?

A

Maxwellian View

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7
Q

Name all the components that fit into the pts pupil. What’s the exception?

A

Examiner’s eyes and light source

Exception = peripheral fundus views

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8
Q

What are the 2 stages of linear magnification?

A
  • Patient to Aerial Image

- Aerial Image to Observer

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9
Q

What is the calculation for patient to aerial image linear magnification?

A

Mag = Deye/Dlens

ex.) 60D/20D lens = 3x mag

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10
Q

Aerial Image to Observer linear magnification is proportional to what?

A

Proportional to the distance the examiner views the image

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11
Q

What’s the calculation for aerial image to observer linear mag?

A

Mag = (Deye/Dlens)(25/d)

d= distance image is viewed (usually 40cm)

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12
Q

Axial Magnification is the same as depth magnification. What is the calculation for this?

A

Axial Mag = (linear mag)^2

use pt to aerial image linear mag

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13
Q

A higher powered condensing lens results in ____ axial depth?

A

less. (think of calculation, higher lens = less mag)

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14
Q

What limits the FOV of BIO?

A

Limited by edge of the condensing lens

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15
Q

In peripheral views, the pts pupil is ____. The view will be limited with vignetting.

A

elliptical

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16
Q

The higher the power of the condensing lens, the ____ the view and the ____ the mag.

A

The larger the view and lower the mag

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17
Q

How many disc diopters does a 20D lens allow in one view?

A

8-9

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18
Q

How many vortex veins do we have? In what region are they found? Where do they drain?

A

4 Vortex veins found in equator region

drain to ophthalmic vein

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19
Q

Long ciliary nerves are found where in equator?

A

around 3 and 9o’clock

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20
Q

Scleral depression is used to evaluate the peripheral lesions on profile to determine if there is a ____ or _____.

A

break or risk of a break..

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21
Q

Nasal and temporal scleral depression is harder due to____.

A

Lateral Canthi

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22
Q

What 4 things must be aligned for a sucessful scleral depression?

A

Eyes of examiner, lesion, light of bio, tip of depressor

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23
Q

When depressing, it is important to position the depressor _________the limbus

A

7-14mm from the limbus (mound will be under the peripheral retina)

24
Q

When performing scleral depression, it is important to have a common axis of what 4 things?

A

Condensing lens, the depressor, pupil (pt looks away from depressor), the BI)

NOT MACULA. that means pt is looking at you

25
Q

Light red of an EO drawing means what?

A

attached retina

26
Q

Dark Red of an EO drawing means:

A

retinal arteries, pre-retinal or intraretinal hemorrhages

27
Q

Light Blue of an EO drawing means:

A

retinal detachment

28
Q

Dark Blue of an EO drawing means:

A

retinal veins, margins of retinal breaks, lattice with crisscrossed lines inside

29
Q

Black of an EO drawing means:

A

chorioretinal pigment

30
Q

Yellow of an EO drawingmeans:

A

intraretinal or subretinal exudates/drusen

31
Q

Brown of an EO drawing means:

A

nevi, melanomas, choroidal detachments

32
Q

Green of an EO drawing means:

A

vitreous opacities, vitreous hemorrhage

33
Q

What are the 3 methods for fundus biomicroscopy?

A

Aspheric lens (90D, 78D, etc) Hurby Lens, Goldmann 3 mirror lens

34
Q

What are the 3 reasons to do fundus biomicroscopy?

A

ONH assessment, Macular assessment, exam the vitreous

35
Q

What type of image does a 90D fundus exam produce?

A

real, magnified, inverted and reversed

36
Q

Magnification and FOV are dependent on 2hat 2 things in a fundus biomicroscopy exam?

A

Pupil diameter and dioptric power of the lens

37
Q

To measure size of the ON while doing 90, what 2 things should you do?

A

Decrease size of beam to determine mm size, then multiply by 1.32x to get true size

38
Q

What is the average size of the ON and fovea?

A

1500um

39
Q

What is the expected C/D ratio for a 2.4mm ON?

A

0.8

40
Q

What is the expected ratio of a 2.2mm ON?

A

0.6

41
Q

What is the expected C/D ratio for a 2.0 mm ON?

A

0.4

42
Q

What is the expected C/D ratio for a 1.8mm ON?

A

0.2

43
Q

What is the expected C/D ratio for a 1.6mm ON?

A

0.0

44
Q

The best way to view the fundus is using what lens? Specifically for what disease?

A

Goldmann 3 mirror, Macular Edema

45
Q

The equatorial mirror is at what degree?

A

73 degrees

46
Q

The peripheral mirror is at what degree?

A

67 degrees

47
Q

The anterior retina mirror is at what degree?

A

59

48
Q

A goldmann 3 mirror produces an image that is?

A

virtual, inverted image

49
Q

In a PVD, Syneresis is …

A

the shrinkage of the vitreous

50
Q

In a PVD, Synkesis is..

A

the liquefaction of the vitreous (appears black, no more strands)

51
Q

A weiss ring is found in what ocular issue?

A

PVD

52
Q

Vitreous buckling at the macula is what stage PVD?

A

Stage 1

53
Q

Detachment of the vitreous of the macula is what stage in PVD?

A

Stage 2

54
Q

Full detachment of the vitreous from the ON is what stage PVD?

A

Stage 4

55
Q

Using a yellow filter will extend the safe exposure time by how much?

A

20-fold

Clinical Skills 3 (5 decks)

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