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Viticulture/Vinification > Viticulture/Vinification > Flashcards

Viticulture/Vinification Flashcards

intro to cycle of wine

1
Q

Define : Viticulture

A

The Study of Grape Growing

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2
Q

Vitis Vinifera

A

The species of climbing grape responsible for fine wine production

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3
Q

Budbreak

A

The annual life cycle of wine begins in spring, with budbreak. March Or April- the first small shoots and leaves
will break through buds left intact by winter pruning.

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4
Q

Embryo Bunches

A

Small green clusters. Usually form on shoot by mid April

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5
Q

Flowering

A

6-13 weeks after Budbreak - turning the embryo bunches into small flowers for about 10 days. The self-pollinating grapevine begins the process of fertilization, leading to fruit set.

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6
Q

Veraison (véraison)

A

The onset of ripening. Grapes change from Green to Red-Black or Yellow Green and Acidity Decreases.

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7
Q

Lignify

A

FIND ANSWER

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8
Q

Harvest (Vendange)

A

The process of collecting the grapes from the vines. Usually occurs in August - October. Rarely through November.

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9
Q

Tannin

A

tannin is a textural element that makes wine taste dry. tannin adds both bitterness and astringency, as well as complexity.

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10
Q

Phenolics

A

in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.

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11
Q

Must Weight

A

Must weight is a measure of the amount of sugar in grape juice (must) and, hence, indicates the amount of alcohol that could be produced if it is all fermented to alcohol, rather than left as residual sugar.

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12
Q

Seed Lingification

A

FIND ANSWER

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13
Q

Vintage

A

The year the grapes were harvested

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14
Q

What does the climate encompass?

A

Expected Temperature, rainfall, sunshine, wind and other atmospheric elements

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15
Q

What annual mean temperature does a vine prefer?

A

The vine prefers a mean annual level between 50 and 68 degrees, with an ideal of 57 degrees.

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16
Q

What is the average summer temp to successfully ripen RED grapes?

A

Average summer temp of 70 degrees to ripen RED grapes

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17
Q

What is the Average summer temp to ripen WHITE grapes?

A

Average summer temp of 66 degrees for WHITE grapes

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18
Q

Viticulture is mostly between — and — Latitude in both the northern and southern hemispheres?

A

30 and 50 latitude bands.

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19
Q

Photosynthesis

A

plants convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds, including sugar.

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20
Q

What is the minimum amount of sunshine to support viticulture?

A

1,300 hours.

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21
Q

As sunshine during the growing season increases the farther one moves away from the equator…

A

…Vines in cooler climates often enjoy more sunshine in the warmer climates

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22
Q

Growing season is from (month, day) to (month,day)

A

April 1st - October 31st

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23
Q

How much rainfall does a vine typically require?

A

20-30 inches Annually to produce adequate crop

24
Q

What is “Water Stress Condition”?

A

when the vine does not get enough rain, it will produce smaller berry size and yields and can completely shut down the vine if the stress is too severe.

25
Q

What is the danger to TOO MUCH RAIN?

A

It will dilute the fruit quality and create an environment for fungal diseases.

26
Q

Bad affects of heavy wind?

A

Can undermine Flowering ( pollination and fertilization) and denude vines.

27
Q

Pros for wind

A

Wind is a dete

28
Q

Pros for wind

A

Wind is a detriment to mold and mildew, and wind machines are often used in the battle against frost.

29
Q

What do wind machines do in vineyards?

A

Mix colder, settled air near the ground with warmer upper air to fight against frost.

30
Q

What is Terroir?

A

the complete natural environment in which a particular wine is produced, including factors such as the soil, topography,climate, location and hand of man upon it.

31
Q

What does Topography mean?

A

The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.

32
Q

MACROCLIMATE : Define Macroclimate

A

Macroclimate is the REGIONAL climate

33
Q

MESOCLIMATE : Define Mesoclimate

A

Mesoclimate is the climate of a particular vinyard

34
Q

What does “ASPECT” mean?

A

Degree and direction of a slope.

35
Q

Why are slopes important?

A

Slopes provide good drainage and may benefit from increased sunshine. Temperature falls steadily with added altitude.

36
Q

What is Corton?

A

The largest Grand Cru vineyard in Burgundy.

37
Q

MICROCLIMATE : Define Microclimate

A

The climate in and around a vine canopy, the restricted space including all parts of the vine above the ground.

38
Q

What type of soils are desirable for vines?

A

Well-drained, easily penetrable soils with good water-retention, as it permits the vine to dig deeply for water and minerals.

39
Q

Limestone-rich soils is high in pH or Low in pH?

A

High in pH. This contributes to Higher acidity (low pH) in grapes.

40
Q

what are vine Clones?

A

Identical genetic reproductions of a single vine

41
Q

What are some benefits of using Vine Clones?

A

Disease resistance, hardiness, yield, aromatics, structure and color.

42
Q

What is Propagating a grapevine? Whats are the two choices used in established vineyards?

A

Propagate is to breed grapes from parent stalk.

Clonal Selection or Mass Selection.

43
Q

What is Clonal Selection?

A

Clonal selection. Clones are plants originating from a single parent, which are propagated vegetatively (usually by cuttings) and therefore genetically identical.

44
Q

What is Mass Selection ( Selection Massale)?

A

wine growing term for the practice of replanting new vineyards with cuttings from exceptional old vines from the same (or nearby) property. Budwood/ scion selection is used for the Mass selection process.

45
Q

What is Budwood/scion selection?

A

a detached living portion of a plant (such as a bud or shoot) joined to a stock in grafting

46
Q

What is Rootstock?

A

a plant onto which another variety is grafted.

Side note- Most of the worlds vines are grafted onto american rootstock.

47
Q

Once grafted and planted, how long until the vine will produce a crop?

A

its Third year is when it will produce a suitable crop.

48
Q

What is Alcoholic fermentation?

A

The Conversion of sugar into alcohol and CO2 in the must by yeast.

49
Q

True or False : In general, grapes grown in cooler climates have higher acid and lower sugar.

A

True.

50
Q

What is Potential Alcohol?

A

Another way of considering the amount of sugar in the must

51
Q

In the northern hemishpere, harvest generally occurs late Late August to early November?

A

Yes. Harvest is from August to early November.

52
Q

What is the source of color in most red wines?

A

The must is macerated with the skins of black grapes

53
Q

Oak is responsible for what flavors in wine?

A

Vanilla, Toast, Caramel, Baking Spices

54
Q

A wine described as “DRY” has high Tannins?

A

Yes.

55
Q

Phylloxera is root louse?

A

yes.

56
Q

Most wines are produced from what species of grapes?

A

Vitis vinifera

Viticulture/Vinification (9 decks)

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