Viticulture and Winemaking Flashcards
Senate Bill 100
Required comprehensive land-use plans
Restrictions on urban sprawl into farmland
Prevented some of best vineyards from becoming housing developments
B corporation
Uses power of business to solve social and environmental problems.
18 total wineries are members, seven of which are in Oregon
Deep Roots Coalition
Limits/avoids irrigation - dry farming
Minimizes sulfites and filtration
Oregon Tilth
Maintains/enhances soil and water quality
- Organic seeds/stocks
- Conservation of wetlands, woodlands, and wildlife
- Avoids synthetic fertilizers, sewage, irradiation, genetic engineering
Salmon Safe
- Minimize/optimize water usage
- Healthy river banks
- Long term soil conservation
- Nutrient/pest management that protects water quality
- Contributes to habitat quality and productivity
LIVE certification
=Low Input Viticulture and Enology
- Decreases reliance on synthetic fertilizers and chemicals
- Promotes sustainable farming practices
- Worker benefits
- Whole farm/winery approach - minimize environmental impacts, preserve agricultural fertility, sustain economic viability
What percentage of wineries produce <5000 cases/yr?
80%
What percentage of vineyards are US Demeter certified?
35%
What does concrete fermentation do to Chardonnay?
Promotes chalky minerality
What does clay aging due to Riesling?
Gives fleshy, creamy mouthfeel
How to block MLF
Add sulfur or remove wine from lees and filter
Diacetyl
Gives butter flavor
Brix level
Percentage by mass of dissolved solids (usually sugar) in a solution
1 degree Brix = 1g sugar/100g solution
When was phylloxera discovered in Oregon?
1990
How is climate change impacting OR?
Warmer -> mealy bugs and leafhoppers survive winter
More drought stresses wines and makes it harder to fight off disease
Oregon Oak Accord
Protects threatened white oak habitat
Typical percentage of new oak barrels in pinot noir
20-40%
Brix level for harvesting white wines
21-23 degrees
Brix level for harvesting red wines
23-26 degrees
Effect of ovum or spherical vessels
Keeps lees in suspension
How to increase phenolic structure in white wines
Harder and longer press
When does harvesting occur?
~100d after flowering
How are winemakers adapting to labor shortages?
Selecting varieties/clones with varied ripening intervals
Machines
How are winemakers adapting to climate change
Planting at elevation
Increasing varietal and clonal diversity
Pests/diseases
Mealybugs, leafhoppers
Powdery mildew
Phylloxera
