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Vini/Viticulture > Viticulture > Flashcards

Viticulture Flashcards

1
Q

What is Preparation 500?

A

Cow manure fermented in a cow horn which is then buried and over winters in the soil

Sprayed on the soil at a rate of 60g/ha in 34 L of water

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2
Q

What is Preparation 501?

A

Ground quartz(silica) mixed with rainwater and packed in a cow horn, buried in spring and dug up in autumn

Sprayed on the crop plants

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3
Q

What is Preparation 502?

A

Flower heads of yarrow fermented in a stags bladder

Applied to compost along with preparations 503-507. Helps control the breakdown of the manures and compost

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4
Q

What is Preparation 503?

A

Flower heads of camomile fermented in the soil

Applied to compost

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5
Q

What is Preparation 504?

A

Stinging nettle tea

Applied to compost

Sometimes sprayed on weak or low vigour vines

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6
Q

What is Preparation 505?

A

Oak bark fermented in the skull of a domestic animal

Applied to compost

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7
Q

What is Preparation 506?

A

Flower heads of dandelion fermented in cow mesentery

Applied to compost

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8
Q

What is Preparation 507?

A

Juice from valerian flowers

Applied to compost

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9
Q

What is Preparation 508?

A

Tea prepared from horsetail plant

Used as a spray to counter fungal diseases

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10
Q

How is bacterial blight controlled?

A

Hot water treatments and Bordeaux Mixture

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11
Q

How is black rot controlled?

A

Fungicide sprays

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12
Q

How is Downy Mildew controlled?

A

Bordeaux mixture

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13
Q

How is esca controlled?

A

No known control or cure

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14
Q

How is Leafroll Virus controlled?

A

Incurable

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15
Q

How is Pierce’s Disease controlled?

A

No cure. Strict quarantine is observed.

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16
Q

How is Powdery Mildew controlled?

A

Applications of sulfur and fungicides

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17
Q

Name 2 Viral Diseases.

A

Leaf roll Virus

Fan leaf Degeneration

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18
Q

Name 3 Bacterial Diseases.

A

Pierce’s Disease

Crown Gall

Bacterial Blight

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19
Q

Name 3 varietals prône to coulure.

A

Merlot

Malbec

Grenache

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20
Q

Name 6 Fungal Diseases.

A

Powdery Mildew (Oidium)

Downy Mildew (Peronospora)

Eutypa Dieback (Dead Arm)

Esca (Black Measles)

Black Rot

Bunch Rot

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21
Q

Name a Phytoplasma Disease.

A

Flaveescence Doree

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22
Q

Name some methods to prevent shatter.

A

Ways to avoid shatter include using grape varietals that aren’t prone to it (or clones of those that are prone to it),

not over-pruning (since leaves are necessary for photosynthesis, and the production of carbohydrates in the plant),

trimming the vine (when new shoots threaten to compete with already developing grapes),

and not over-fertilizing the soil (too rich soil tends to yield a lazy plant, minimizing photosynthesis).

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23
Q

What is ‘bouvreux’?

A

Rain often interrupts flowering, resulting in a bouvreux, or second crop, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine.

24
Q

What is ‘grillure’?

A

French term for sunburned grapes

25
Q

What is a secateur?

A

Pruning shears

26
Q

What is a vendangeur?

A

A grape picker in France

27
Q

What is abscission?

A

Dropping of fruit and/or leaves

28
Q

What is another name for esca?

A

Black measles

29
Q

What is another name for eutypa dieback?

A

Dead arm

30
Q

What is another term for millerandage?

A

Hen and chicken

31
Q

What is coulure?

A

The result of poor flowering conditions and/ or an inbalance of nutrients in the vine. These results in poor or imperfect plantation.

32
Q

What is elevage?

A

Maturation during wine production

33
Q

What is millerandage?

A

Is the condition which results in some of the vines flowers either remaining un-pollinated or forming very small berries and have no seeds. It is caused by adverse weather during flowering-cold or wet.

34
Q

What is Quercus Alba?

A

American oak

35
Q

What is selection massale?

A

A field selection in which bud wood is taken from a number of vines in the vineyard, rather than from a single clone

36
Q

What is the difference between Encépagement vs. Assemblage?

A

In AOC/P documents, there are separate requirements for encépagement and assemblage. Take note: encépagement refers to grape varieties in the vineyard, while assemblage refers to the composition of the final wine.

37
Q

What is the French term for pumping over the cap?

A

Remontage

38
Q

What is the French term for shaping the oak staves for barrels?

A

Cintrage

39
Q

What is the French term for toasting the barrel?

A

Bousinage

40
Q

What is the French term for warming the oak staves for barrel making?

A

Chauffage

41
Q

What is the French word for ‘shatter’?

A

Coulore

42
Q

What is the only country to remain phylloxera free?

A

Chile

43
Q

What substance is responsible for volatile acidity in wines?

A

Acetic acid bacteria

44
Q

What winemaking process incorporates isinglass?

A

Collage

45
Q

Which varietal is quite resistant to Pierce’s Disease?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

46
Q

At what temperature will tartrate crystals precipitate out of a still wine?

A

-1C for 36 hours

47
Q

How are degree days calculated?

A

Calculated by multiplying the days in each month of the growing season (April 1-October 31) by the mean number of degrees over 50F for that month. The months totals are then added together to arrive at the heat summation

48
Q

Name 2 popular training systems used in the Rias Biaxas.

A

PARRAS - trained up granite poles allowing breezes prevent mildew

ESPALDERA - European double cordon system called

49
Q

3 major clones of Nebbiolo are?

A

Lampia

Michet

Rose

50
Q

3 most important elements for vine plant growth

A

N - Nitrogen

P - Phosphorous

K - Potassium

51
Q

4 pruning methods approved in Champagne?

A

Chablis

Cordon

Double Guyot

Vallée de la Marne

52
Q

What is ‘rognage’?

A

Is the clipping away, by hand or by machine, of excess foliage

53
Q

Name 3 synonyms for Gobelet.

A

Albarello (Italy)

En Vaso (Spain)

Bush Vine (New World)

54
Q

What are the 4 approved training systems in Champagne?

A

Chablis

Cordon

Double Guyot

Vallée de la Marne

55
Q

What is RCGM and what is it used for?

A

rectified concentrated grape must

used to increase the potential alcohol of a wine

56
Q

What is a cultivar?

A

A cultivar is a grapevine (or any plant) which has been selected for certain characteristics that are desirable to propagate. These include clones, hybrids or grafts.

Wine grapes which are cultivars are selected and bred for a list of characteristics:

Mildew resistance
Cold hardy
Resistant to phylloxera
Nematode resistant
Early ripening
Drought tolerance

Vini/Viticulture (6 decks)

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