Viticulture

Question 0

Cloning

Answer 0

1. Choose a healthy grapevine with desirable characteristics.
2. Cut off short length of young cane.
3. Place it in water, where it will start to grow roots.
4. Plant it in the vineyards.

More efficient than than process than planting seeds, produces more consistent results.

Question 1

Stages of viticulture (9)

Answer 1

1. Winter dormancy
2. Bud break
3. Shoot and leaf growth
4. Photosynthesis set
5. Flowering
6. Berry set
7. Verasion
8. Physiological maturity
9. Harvest

Question 2

Field Grafting

Answer 2

1. Find a vineyard that is growing an undesirable variety of grapes.
2. Make sure the rootstock (trunk & major root systems) are all healthy.
3. Remove the existing branches.
4. Make a small incision into the trunk.
5. Insert an unrooted cutting from the a desirable vine from another vineyard
6. Rootstock will heal, cutting will grow as if it were planted in the ground.

Question 3

The process by which materials are moved from one part of the plant to another..

Answer 3

Translocation

Question 4

The process by which sunlight is converted into sugar..

Answer 4

Photosynthesis

Question 5

The process by which water evaporates through openings on the underside of the leaves..

Answer 5

Transportation

Question 6

The process by which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy..

Answer 6

Respiration

Question 7

A problem that causes poor fruit set, also known as “shatter”..

Answer 7

Coulure

Question 8

A small insect that once ravaged the vineyards of Europe and the world..

Answer 8

Phylloxera

Question 9

A mold that is sometimes beneficial, also known as “noble rot”..

Answer 9

Botryis cinera

Question 10

A fungal disease also known as powdery mildew..

Answer 10

Odium

Question 11

A problem with abnormal fruit set that causes grape bunches to have a high proportion of small, seedless berries mixed in with normal, larger berries…

Answer 11

Millerandage

Question 12

A fungal disease also known as “downy mildew”

Answer 12

Peronospora

Question 13

A bacterial disease spread by insects such as the glassy-winged sharpshooter

Answer 13

Pierces Disease

Question 14

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Answer 14

Climate refers to the historical, average weather of a certain place, or what is expected to happen in the long run. Weather is an actual meteorological conditions forecast in the short term, as well as what actually occurs.

Question 15

How much what’re do grapevines need on an annual basis?

Answer 15

Approximately 20-30 inches / 51-76 cm

Question 16

The these four soil types in order from smallest particle size to largest: rocks, silt, clay, and sand

Answer 16

1. Clay
2. Silt
3. Sand
4. Rocks

Question 17

Describe the potential climatic differences between a vineyard situated at a high elevation and one situated on valley floor.

Answer 17

A vineyard at higher elevations will be cooler, windier, and have less fog. The higher the altitude vineyard will also have more intense sunlight and higher diurnal temperature swings.

Question 18

Explain the effect that large bodies of water have on the climate of a nearby vineyard.

Answer 18

Water tends to change temperature more slowly than soil, so vineyard situated close to large bodies of water experience less temperature fluctuations. Their diurnal temperature range is less, summers are not that hot and winters are milder. The humidity can also provide for morning or evening fogs as well as greater cloud cover, rain and dampness.