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Viticulture Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 methods to combat frost

A
  1. Oil Stoves
  2. Aspersion system
  3. Large propellers or turbins
  4. Helicopters
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2
Q

What is véraison

A

French term for when grapes change color from green to black / bright lime green to a pale translucent green, as part of the ripening process that usually occurs in July

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3
Q

What is noble rot called in Germany

A

Edelfäule

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4
Q

What is noble rot called in France

A

Pourriture Noble

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5
Q

What is noble rot called in Italy

A

Muffa Nobile

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6
Q

What is nobel rot called in Hungary

A

Aszúsodás

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7
Q

What cause Millerandage, name 2

A
  1. Cold, Wet weather at flowering
  2. Nutrient deficiency
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8
Q

What cause Coulure

A

Cold or wet weather at flowering time

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9
Q

What is Oidium tuckerri

A

Powdery mildew

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10
Q

Where is the Oidium tuckerri originated

A

USA

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11
Q

What does Oidum tuckerri cause to vine?

A

it attacks the green parts of the vine and develops white powdery spores.

It will cause grapes to
1. split open
2. fall off
3. not ripen

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12
Q

What is peronospera

A

Downy mildew

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13
Q

What does Peronospera do to vine?

A

attacks the green parts of the vine leaf in particular

  1. reduce the photosynthesis
  2. cause late ripening
  3. reduce yields
  4. lower sugar content in grapes
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14
Q

What is the other name of Powdery Mildew?

A

Oidium tuckerii

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15
Q

What is the other name of Downy Mildew?

A

Peronospera

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16
Q

What is the name of the louse / aphid responsible for the Great French Blight?

A

Phylloxera

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17
Q

When was the Phylloxera discovered?

A

1863

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18
Q

Name the 5 vine spieces used for grafting to combat Phylloxera

A
  • Vitis Riparia
  • Vitis Rupestris
  • Vitis Berlandieri
  • Vitis Labrusca
  • Vitis Aestivalis
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19
Q

What kind of soils Phylloxera does not like

A

Sandy, dry soils

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20
Q

Which regions in the world are Phylloxera free? Name 6

A
  • Colares in Portugal
  • Mosel in Germany
  • Chile
  • Australia except for Yarra Valley
  • Provence
  • Priorat
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21
Q

Name 2 grapes that are naturally resistant to Phylloxera

A
  • Assyrtiko grape in Santorini, Greece
  • Juan Garcia grape in Arribes river in Spain
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22
Q

What is the yeast name that is commonly used in winemaking?

A

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

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23
Q

What is the name of the person who introduced Biodynamics? What year?

A

Rudolph Steiner from Austria, 1924

24
Q

Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 500

A

Cow Manure / Dung

25
Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 501
Silica (Crystalline Quartz)
26
Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 502
Yarrow (White Flower)
27
Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 503
Chamomile
28
Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 504
Stinging nettle (Plant)
29
Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 505
Oak Bark
30
Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 506
Dandelion flower
31
Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 507
Valerian flower
32
Name the main ingrediants of the Biodynamic preparation : 508
Horsetail (Plant)
33
What is dead arm?
Fungal disease which affects the wood of the vine and causes it to die slowly. Grapes on the other arm display amazing intensity
34
What is the other name of Dead Arm Disease?
Eutypa / Eutypia / Eutipiose
35
Name a winery that makes a wine called Dead Arm
d'Arenberg "Dead Arm Shiraz" from Mclaren Vale in Australia
36
What are the reasons of Cultured yeasts being selected for winemaking rather than the wild yeasts?
- to quickly raise alcohol content in wine so can kill unwanted yeasts and acetobacter - to make consistent wines - as cultured yeasts can tolerate higher level of alcohol
37
Budbreak in French
Débourrement
38
Flower set in French
Floraison
39
Green harvest in French
Ébourgeonnage
40
What is green harvest
Reducing the yield by picking off and dropping part of the harvest at the start of Verasion
41
Harvest in French
Vendange
42
Why does harvesting usually occur early in the morning?
- to prevent fermentation happening - to slow down oxidation
43
Pruning in French
Taille
44
in which climate the Pergola is favored?
Warm, Rainy places ex) Rias Baixas in Spain
45
Who invented Guyot vine training?
Dr. Jules Guyot (French)
46
What kind of pruning is Guyot vine training
Cane Pruning
47
What is used to control the Downy Mildew
Bordeaux Copper
48
What is used to control Powdery mildew
Fungersite
49
name 3 vineyard diseases spread by leafhopper
1. Pierce's disease 2. Flavescence Dorée 3. Phytoplasma
50
What are the conditions to have Noble rot?
1. Fog in the morning 2. 80% Humidity 3. Fog to be cleared by afternoon 4. afternoon sunshine
51
What is égrappoir
Destemmer
52
What is Chaptalixation
increasing the sugar content prior to fermentation so that a higher alcoholic level can be reached in wine
53
What is Vin doux naturel
sweet wine produced by adding alcohol in the early stage of the fermentation which arrests the process before much of the sugar is used up
54
What is Vin de Liqueur
Sweet wine produced by adding grape spirit (grape brandy) to unfermented must. also called mistelle.
55
Explain more about Guyot Vine Training
consists of renewal training methods. Meaning the fruiting branches are renewed through winter pruning Works best in cooler climates like Europe
56

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