Vitamins (no fat soluble stuff yet)

Question 1

What is B1?

Answer 1

Thiamine

Question 2

What does B1 a cofactor for?

Answer 2

Think ATP production. A for alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. T for transketolase. P for Pyruvate dehydrogenase.

If you don’t have it, there is impaired glucose breakdown and not enough ATP production. Aerobic tissues hit first (brain, heart)

Question 3

What does B1 deficiency cause?

Answer 3

Thiamine deficiency causes problems (from malnourishment or alcoholism)

Wernicke-Korsakoff (confusion, ataxia, opthalmoplegia, personality change, mammilary bodies damaged.

Beriberi (spell it Ber1Ber1 to remember B1) and if dry it is polyneurtis and muscle wasting, Wet is cardiac failure and edema

Question 4

What is B2?

Answer 4

Riboflavin

Question 5

What does it B2 do?

Answer 5

FAD and FMN are from riboFlavin. B2 makes 2 ATP (FAD)

Question 6

What is B3?

Answer 6

Niacin

Question 7

What does B3 do?

Answer 7

Niacin is for NAD and NADP (B3 makes 3ATP)

Question 8

What is B5?

Answer 8

B5 is PENTothenate

Question 9

What does B5 do?

Answer 9

Important for CoA for acyl transfers and fatty acid synthase

Question 10

B6 is what?

Answer 10

Pyridoxine (siX and pyridoXine)

Question 11

What does B6 do?

Answer 11

Pyridoxine is converted important for transamination (ALT and AST) which means it is important for lots of things like making neurotransmitters

Question 12

What vitamin deficiency can be caused by isoniazide or oral contraceptives?

Answer 12

B6 pyridoxine. Would cause neuropathy b/c important for neurotransmitters, sideroblastic anemia can be caused b/c hemoglobin synthesis would be screwy and iron excess

Question 13

What is B7?

Answer 13

Biotin is B7

Question 14

What is B9?

Answer 14

Folic acid.

Question 15

What does B9 do?

Answer 15

It is converted to tetrahydrofolate IMPORTANT FOR nitrogenous bases of DNA. Green leafy veggies have it.

Question 16

When do you see B9 deficiency?

Answer 16

Folic acid deficiency: Alcoholism and preggers. SUPPLEMENT IN PREGGERS otherwise risk of neural tube defects

Question 17

Labs of B9 deficiency?

Answer 17

macrocyic anemia, Hypersegmented PMNs (also happens in B12 deficiency) and high homocysteine

Question 18

What is B12?

Answer 18

Cobalamin

Question 19

What do you see with a B12 deficiency?

Answer 19

obalamin deficiency can csue degeneration of dorsal column and corticospinal tract and spinocrebellar tract (paralyze and subacute combined degeneration) b/c abnormal myelin. It is irreversible if deficiency is prolonged

Question 20

What are the labs for B12 deficiency?

Answer 20

High homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. Macrocytic anemia and hypersemented PMN (same with B9 for the hemat finding).

Question 21

Where is absorption of iron, B9 and B12?

Answer 21

Iron Fist Bro (iron, folate, B12). In that order in small intestine. Duodenum, jejunum/ileum, terminal ilium and requires intrinsic factor for B12

Question 22

What happens with vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 22

sCurvy. Collagen synth deficit b/c cand hydroxylate proline and lysine in collagen synthesis.

Question 23

What is the storage form of Vit D?

Answer 23

25-OH D3. I think that is why you test for it to see if deficient. Fact check me if you don’t know its true.

Question 24

What does vitamin E do?

Answer 24

E is for Erythrocytes. Antioxident on them to protect erythro ytes from free radical damage (important since their job is to handle oxygen)

Question 25

What can Vitamin E deficiency look like? How can you tell the difference?

Answer 25

Can look like B12 (cobalamin) deficiency b/c muscle weakness, posterior column and spinocerebelalr demyelination.

Differentiate with hemat labs. E deficiency has hemolytic anemia and acanthocytosis (greek for horn, so cells have horns). B12 is megaloblastic anemia and hyper segmented PMN