Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NRS 155 Intro to Pharm > Vitamins & Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins & Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

VITAMINS

A

Substances that the body requires for carrying out essential metabolic reactions

The body cannot synthesize enough of these components to meet all of its needs

Vitamins must be obtained from animal and vegetables tissues taken in as food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MINERALS

A

Naturally accruing inorganic substances

Important for normal functioning of the human body

Taken in via diet

Some are also electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

VITAMINS & MINERALS DEFICIENCIES

A

Increase risk of health problems

Can be harmful if their levels are too high in the body (toxicity can occur)

Most of the time, these can be ingested via diet. Supplements needed when deficiency is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

VITAMINS & MINERALS THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS

A

Many roles to facilitate functioning of the human body.

They are used to build bones, make hormones, regulate fluid volume, generate nerve action potentials, and produce red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

VITAMINS & MINERALS INDICATIONS

A

Treatment of deficiencies, as dietary supplements, and specific therapy related to the activity of the vitamin or mineral.
Ex. Wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

VITAMINS & MINERALS CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Allergy to the drug or the colorants, additives, or preservatives

Levels are high in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

VITAMINS & MINERALS ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

Gastrointestinal upset (take with food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

VITAMINS & MINERALS DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

A

Fat-soluble vitamins may not be absorbed if given concurrently with mineral oil, cholestyramine, or colestipol

Potassium and potassium-sparing directs

Magnesium and calcium decreases absorption of antibiotics and iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Water-Soluble Vitamins

A

Dissolve in water

Readily excreted in urine

Daily intake in needed
- Vit. B Complex
-Vit. C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

A

Dissolve in Fat

Tend to be stored in the liver and daily intake not necessary
Vitamins A,D,E,K (Don’t Always Eat Kale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

VITAMIN A
Indication for administration

A

Deficiency and malnutrition

Wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

VITAMIN A
Signs of deficiency

A

Night blindness and other vision problems

Impaired skin integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

VITAMIN A
Toxicity

A

Hypervitaminosis - A

Mouth ulcers, cracked fingernails, bone pain, loss of appetite, cracked corners of the mouth, blurry vision or other vision changes, dizziness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

VITAMIN C (Ascorbic Acid)
Indication for Administration

A

Deficiency (scurvy is severe deficiency)

Enhances Po iron absorption

Wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VITAMIN C (Ascorbic Acid)
Signs of deficiency

A

Gingivitis

Hair and tooth loss

Nosebleeds, easy bruising, delayed healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

VITAMIN C (Ascorbic Acid)
ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS

A

Kidney stones (with megadose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Calcifediol, Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol
(VITAMIN D)

A

Fat soluble vitamin

Given for malnutrition or deficiney

18
Q

Calcifediol, Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol
(VITAMIN D)
Sings of deficeincy

A

Rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Tetany

19
Q

Calcifediol, Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol
(VITAMIN D)
Toxicity

A

Hypervitaminosis D

fatigue
loss of appetite
weight loss
excessive thirst
excessive urination
dehydration
constipation
irritability
nervousness

20
Q

Cyanocobalamin (VITAMIN B12)
Indication for administration

A

Pernicious anemia (megaloblastic anemia)–> cannot absorb B12

Deficiency and malnutrition

ETOH

Malabsorption syndrome

Vegan diet

Prolonged use of PPIs or H2 blockers (treat GERD)

21
Q

Cyanocobalamin (VITAMIN B12)
Sings of defeciency

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

Mucous membranes - cheilosis, glossitis, stomatitis

Neurologic–> paresthesia, balance problems, memory loss, thinking problems

22
Q

Vitamin E
Indications for Administration

A

Fat soluble

Mostly in premature infants
May be low due to metabolic syndrome
Wound healing (vitamins ACE)

23
Q

Vitamin E
Toxicity

A

Nausea
gastric distress
abdominal cramps
diarrhea
headache
fatigue
easy bruising and bleeding

24
Q

Niacin (vitamin)
Indication for administration

A

Pellagra is niacin deficiency (often d/t malabsorption)

Used as lipid-lowering agent

25
Q

Niacin (vitamin)
Signs of deficiency

A

mucous membranes –> cheilosis, glossitis, stomatitis

26
Q

Niacin (vitamin)
Adverse Effects

A

Flushing of skin
Pruritus
GI distress may occur at high doses

27
Q

Phytonadione (Vitamin K)

A

Fat soluble (ADEK)

Synthesized by GI normal flora

28
Q

Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
Indications for administration

A

Deficiency states (may occur with antibiotic therapy)

29
Q

Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
Caution

A

Deaths with IV route

Interferes with Warfarin therapy

30
Q

Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
Toxicity

A

Jaundice
hyperbilirubinemia
hemolytic anemia
Kernicterus in infants (untreated jaundice in babies)

31
Q

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Indication for adminiatration

A

Beriberi is a thiamine deficiency

Wernicke-Korskoff’s (alcoholic) encephalopathy

Peripheral neuritis
Deficiency and malnutrition
ETOH
Malabsorption Syndrome

32
Q

Calcium (Mineral)
ACTION

A

Is needed for musculoskeletal, nerve, and CV function

33
Q

Calcium (Mineral)
INDICATION

A

Deficiency
Reduce risk of osteoporosis
Used in conjunction with Vitamin D to increase calcium absorption

34
Q

Magnesium (Mineral)
ACTION

A

Activates many intracellular enzymes

Helps regulate skeletal and cardiac muscle contractility

35
Q

Magnesium (Mineral)
Indication

A

Deficiency

Antacid or laxative

Decreased uterine contraction (stop preterm labor)

Prevent seizure in preeclampsia

36
Q

Magnesium (Mineral)
Toxicity

A

AV node conduction suppression (heart)

Muscle weakness

Respiratory depression

Diarrhea

ANTIDOTE for increased levels of Magnesium : Calcium Gluconate

37
Q

Phosphorus (mineral)
ACTION

A

Regulates acid-base balance, bone formation, energy production, and hormone activation

38
Q

Phosphorus (mineral)
Indication

A

Deficiency

May prevent some kidney stone formation

39
Q

Potassium (Mineral)
ACTION

A

Regulate acid-base balance, nerve action potentials, and electrical excitability of muscles

40
Q

Potassium (Mineral)
Indication

A

Deficiency

41
Q

Potassium (Mineral)
Toxicity

A

EKG changes –> Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)

Muscle cramps

Palpitations

NRS 155 Intro to Pharm (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions