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CNSC > Vitamins/Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins/Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

DRI

A

Requirement based on optimal health

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2
Q

EAR

Base to develop what

A

Mets needs 50% of individuals - base to develop RDA

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3
Q

RDA

A

Meets needs of 98% people - 2 SD above EAR if well defined

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4
Q

AI

A

Average observed intake to sustain nutrition state

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5
Q

Be cautious of supplementing vitamin A in…

A

Liver failure

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6
Q

Hyperkeratosis (thickening of skin), ‌Xerophthalmia (dry eyes), Night blindness, Bitots eye spots

A

Vitamin A

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7
Q

Medications that decrease fat soluble vitamins

A

Cholestyramine, Lomitapide, Octreotide, Orlistat

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8
Q

Steroids can decrease level of what vitamin?

A

A

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9
Q

D2 vs D3

A

Both from diet; D3 from sun

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10
Q

Best measure of Vit D status and what level is sufficient

A

Calcidiol, >30

More accurate to also look at PTH and Ca

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11
Q

Osteomalacia, Tetany, Hypocalcemia, Rickets

A

Vitamin D deficiency

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12
Q

Vitamin D may ___ effect of Digoxin

A

Increase

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13
Q

Phenobarbitol and Phenytoin decrease level of

A

Vitamin D

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14
Q

Age spots, vision changes/loss/patalysis, Ptosis, Neuro degeneration,

A

Vitamin E deficiency

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15
Q

Hemolytic anemia in newborn

A

Vitamin E deficiency

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16
Q

Vit C absorbed in

A

Ileum. Requires energy

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17
Q

Capillary rupture, petechiae, corkscrew hair, bleeding gums, Scurvy

A

Vit C deficiency

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18
Q

When supplementing Vitamin C, must be cautious of…

A

Kidney stones - vitamin C inhibits reabsorption of uric acid

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19
Q

Dry beri-beri (neuropathy, paresthesia, weakness), encephalopathy, nystagmus (involuntary eye movement), wet beri-beri (cardiovascular problems)

A

Thiamin deficiency

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20
Q

______ deficiency renders thiamin unusable

A

Magnesium deficiency

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21
Q

_____ (2) meds can cause thiamin deficiency

A

Furosemide and digoxin

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22
Q

Riboflavin dissociates using ____ and ____ increases absorption

A

HCl ; Bile salts

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23
Q

Antidepressants and tetracycline decrease absorption of

A

Riboflavin

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24
Q

Which vitamin helps synthesize/activate folate?

A

Riboflavin and Niacin

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25
Q

Scaly dermatitis, visual impairment, photophobia, stomatitis, cheliosis (cracked corners of mouth), glossitis

A

Riboflavin

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26
Q

Cheliosis/Stomatitis and Glossitis

A

Riboflavin and B6

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27
Q

Pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia), glossitis, peripheral neuritis, paralysis extremities

A

Niacin deficiency

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28
Q

Dermatitis, stomatitis/cheliosis, glossitis, convulsions, anemia

A

B6 deficiency

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29
Q

B12 is reabsorbed via

A

Enterohepatic circulation

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30
Q

Which vitamins helps convert homocysteine to other chemicals

A

B12, Folate, B6, Choline

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31
Q

Why B12 deficiency presents as folate deficiency

A

Low B12 traps folate in inactive form

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32
Q

Complications of high homocysteine levels

A

Increased risk heart disease, stroke, dementia, osteoporosis

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33
Q

____ and ____ levels may increase in B12 deficiency

A

MMA and Homocysteine

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34
Q

Glossitis, hand/feet paresthesia, AMS

A

B12 deficiency

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35
Q

Decrease B12 absorption (4)

A

Excess vitamin C, metformin, colchicine, PPI

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36
Q

Decreases absorption of folate (5)

A 
Zinc deficiency
Impaired bile secretion
Estrogen, birth control
Cholestyramine
Metformin
37
Q

Also check level of ___ and ____ in folate deficiency

A

B12 and homocysteine

38
Q

Fatigue, pallor, neurological problems

A

Folate deficiency

39
Q

Biotin/B7 synthesized by

A

Colon bacteria

40
Q

Pallor, scaly dermatitis/face rash, alopecia

A

Biotin deficiency

41
Q

____ excretion indicator of B5 deficiency

A

Urinary

42
Q

Numbness/burning/paresthesia in extremities, neurological, muscle cramp

A

B5 deficiency

43
Q

Risk for choline deficiency

A

Pregnant/lactating, post menopause, long term PN

44
Q

Hepatis steatosis sign of ____ deficiency

A

Choline deficiency

45
Q

Iron absorbed in

A

Duodenum/jejunum

46
Q

Which trace element is recycled

A

Iron

47
Q

Early phase iron deficiency

And if continues

A

Decrease transferrin saturation
Decrease iron
Increase plasma transferrin

Decrease ferritin

48
Q

Iron deficiency anemia labs

A

Decrease MCV and Hgb

49
Q

Increased risk iron deficiency

A

Women child bear age, decreased gastric acid secretion, older adults, Roux en Y

50
Q

Decreased absorption nonheme iron (7)

A

Phytic acid, oxalic acid, polyphenols, Ca, Zn, Mn, Chromium toxicity

51
Q

Pallor, scoop nails, conjunctive pallor, glossitis, impaired cognition, poor capillary refill

A

Iron deficiency

52
Q

Medications decrease absorption iron

A

Antacids, PPI, levothyroxine, caffeine, Phos binder

53
Q

Low albumin can cause low ___

A

Zinc

54
Q

Zinc is a ___ phase reactant

What to check

A

Positive

Check CRP

55
Q

Decreases zinc absorption (2)

A

Phytic acid, calcium

56
Q

Rash, alopecia, impaired night vision altered taste/smell, diarrhea

A

Zinc deficiency

57
Q

___ and ___ compete with zinc absorption

A

Ca and Iron

58
Q

High zinc supplementation may lead to ____ def

A

Copper

59
Q

Decreased absorption Zinc (4)

A

Abx, Phos binder, Steroids, Birth control

60
Q

Copper regulated by

A

Biliary excretion

Impaired biliary secretion can lead to Copper toxicity and damage to liver

61
Q

Decrease Copper absorption

A

PPI and birth control

62
Q

Don’t supplement copper with

A

Liver dysfunction

63
Q

Tremors, difficulty walking, and facial muscle spasms

A

Manganese toxicity

64
Q

Selenium can cause

A

Altered thyroid hormone metabolism

65
Q

Iodine is important for

Deficiency –>

A

Thyroid hormones

Increase TSH —> Goiter

66
Q

Lithium decreases

A

Thyroid hormone release

67
Q

Iodine absorption altered by ____ and competes for absorption with ____

A

Selenium deficiency

Cruciferous vegetables

68
Q

Increased excretion of Chromium in (2)

A

T2DM and pregnancy

69
Q

Glycosuria, peripheral neuropathy, hyperglycemic

A

Chromium deficiency

70
Q

Mottled teeth, convulsions, paralysis

A

Flouride toxicity

71
Q

Long term PN toxicity (3)

A

Copper, Manganese, Chromium

72
Q

Nutrients can be lost with storing EN at high temp and storing for >9 months

A

Thiamine, Riboflavin, A & E

73
Q

Scaly dermatitis, alopecia, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, fatty liver, anemia

A

EFAD deficiency

74
Q

MCV > 100

A

Megaloblastic anemia

B12 and folate

75
Q

Manganese toxicity

A

Headache, Parkinson’s like abnormalities

76
Q

Vitamin K toxicity

A

Jaundice

77
Q

Vitamin E toxicity

A

Bleeding/prolonged clotting time

78
Q

Zinc toxicity

A

N/V, metallic taste

79
Q

Copper toxicity

A

N/v, abd pain, diarrhea

80
Q

Aluminum toxicity (2)

A

Neuro problems/confusion, anemia

81
Q

Selenium toxicity

A

Hair loss, dermatitis, garlic odor, brittle nails

82
Q

When making PN, add ____ first and then ____ near the end

A

Phos first

Calcium near the end

83
Q

Chromium Deficiency

A

Liver dysfunction, renal failure

84
Q

Anemia, peripheral neuropathy, leukopeni

A

Copper deficiency

85
Q

Check vitamin A status

A

Serum retinol

86
Q

Symptoms hypocalcemia

A

Anorexia
N/V
Dehydration
Neuromuscular irritability

87
Q

Cheliosis seen in (4) deficiency

A

2, 3, 6, Iron

88
Q

Vitamin D dependent type 2 rickets

A

Increased vitamin D level

CNSC (7 decks)

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