Vitamins/elements/growth factors Flashcards
What is another name for Vitamin B1? Is it essential or not?
Thiamine, essential
Why is thiamine/B1 important?
it is used in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and GABA, coenzyme in catabolism of sugars and AA
Deficiencies of Thiamine/B1 lead to what?
Korsakoff’s syndrome. optic neuropathy, and beriberi (a disease that affects the peripheral nervous system and/or CV system.
How might a patient present with Thiamine/B1 deficiency?
malaise, weight loss, irritability, confusion (potentially fatal if deficiency is left untreated)
What is another name for Riboflavin?
B2
Why is Riboflavin/B2 important?
central component of factors FAD (convert retinol to retinoic acid, B6 to pyridoxic acid, and tryptophan to B3) and FMN (input for mediating electron transfer between carriers that transfer NADH and accept Fe+)
How do we acquire Riboflavin/B2?
cheese, milk, leafy greens, legumes, yeast, mushroom, almonds, liver and kidney
What is Ariboflavinosis and how does it present?
deficiency of riboflavin/B1, stomatitis including painful red tongue, sore throat, cheilosis, and angular stomatitis (inflammation of corners of lips)
What is another name for Niacin?
B3
Where do you find B3/Niacin deficiency?
developing countries, poverty, malnutrition, chronic alcoholism, and where the main source of diet is maize (corn)
What is Pellegra?
Niacin/B3 deficiency resulting in 3 D’s: Diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia
What is another name for B6?
Pyridoxine, the active from is PLP
Why is B6/Pyridoxine important?
PLP serves as a cofactor for enzymatic reaction in AA, lipids, and glucose. Works on macronutrient metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, hemoglobin synthesis and function, and gene expression
Where is B6/Pyridoxine found?
meats, whole grains, nuts, bananas, veggies
How does a patient deficient in B6/Pyridoxine present?
seborrhoeic dermatitis-like eruption, atrohic glossitis with ulceration, angular cheilitis, conjunctivitis, intertrigo, neuro symptoms of somnolence, confusion, neuropathy, and sideroblastic anemia (due to impaired heme synthesis)
What is another name for B12?
Cobolamine
Why is B12/Cobolamine important?
essential for enzymatic reaction, daily requirement is 2micrograms (we have 5 years of stored B12 in liver)
What are symptoms of B12/Cobolamine deficiency?
megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia (large MCV), CNS dysfunction, parasthesias in peripheral muscle (decrease in B12 is almost always due to malabsorption from pernicious anemia with no intrinsic factor)
What is erythropoietin?
hematopoietic growth factor
What is erythropoietin important?
It binds to receptors on red cell progenitors and induces the release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow
Where does erythropoietin come from?
produced by the kidney
What is Calcitriol?
hormonally active metabolite of Vitamin D
Why is Calcitriol important?
it increases level of calcium in the blood by increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut into the blood and possibly increasing the release of calcium into the blood from bone
What is Iron Dextran?
iron supplement used to treat and prevent iron deficient anemia
