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BioChemistry > Vitamins And Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins And Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

What are vitamins

How are they supplied to the body

A
  • organic nutrients which cannot be synthesized by the body and required in small amounts for biochemical processes
  • must be supplied by diet
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2
Q 
List class 1 vitamins and their cohort
How are they absorbed and secreted by the body
A
  • water soluble
  • vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, C, niacin and B12

/absorbed via hepatic portal vein and excess secreted through urine

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3
Q

List class 2 vitamins and their cohort

How assimilated and Fate of excess

A
  • fat soluble
  • vitamin A,D,E,K
  • digested with fat in intestines and incorporated into chylomicans
  • excess not excreted by stored in adipose tissue and liver
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4
Q

Vitamin A alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A

-retinol , Beta carotene

  • antioxidant, regulates normal cell growth and diff and prevents abnormal cell proliferation
  • visual pigments In retina

-night blindness, keratinization of skin , xerophthalmia vdb

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5
Q

Vitamin B1 alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • thiamin
  • energy production, heart muscle and nervous system functioning
  • beriberi ( total absence ) , CNS lesions ( wernicke-korsakoff syndrome )
  • fatigue

-bread , cereals and beans

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6
Q

Vitamin B2 alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • riboflavin
  • energy production, maintain health of buccal mucous membrane tongue and skin , coenzyme in redox reactions
  • lips tongue and mouth corner ulcers, irritating skin and eye
  • dairy , legumes , eggs
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7
Q

How can riboflavin be destroyed and precaution taken

A

By sunlight,

-not to be stored in transparent container

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8
Q

Vitamin B6 alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • pyridoxine
  • antibody synthesis, RBC formation, Maintain normal brain function, protein synthesis
  • convulsions , numbness, neurological disorders, disorder of protein metabolism
  • bread , legumes , eggs
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9
Q

Vitamin B12 alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • cobalamin
  • metabolism of folic acid, RBC formation, activate aas during protein synthesis, aids in cell longevity and formation of new ones
  • perinicious anemia
  • dairy , meat , eggs
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10
Q

Vitamin C alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • ascorbic acid
  • antioxidant, electron transport , Fe absorption, enhances immune system
  • scurvy ( impaired wound healing ), prone to bleeding ( subcutaneous hemorrhaging ). Loss of dental cement
  • oranges , tomatoes , green vegetables
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11
Q

Vitamin D alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • calciferol
  • facilitates intestinal digestion of Ca,

-osteoporosis ( Brittle bone ) , rickets , osteomalacia ( bone
Demineralization)

-eggs, whole milk , skin exposed to sunlight can produce calciferol

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12
Q

Vitamin E alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • tocopherols
  • antioxidant , protects polyunsaturated fats from oxidation , maintains vitamin A integrity
  • serious neurological dysfunction ( rare )

-

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13
Q

Vitamin Bc alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • folic acid, vitamin M
  • increased appetite, coenzyme in transfer of one C fragments , if used with PABA ( para-aminobenzoic acid ) prevents Grey hair
  • megaloblastic anemia

-

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14
Q

Vitamin K alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • menadione
  • proper blood clotting, reduces excessive menstrual flow, opposes internal hemorrhaging
  • hemorrhagic disease, impaired blood clot
  • beef, vegetables
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15
Q

Niacin alias, function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • supplied as either nicotonic acid or nicotiamide
  • functional part of NAD and NADP , coenzyme in redox reactions
  • pellagra ( photosensitive dermatitis ) , depressive psychosis

-

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16
Q

Function of vitamin B10 and 11

A

-growth factors

17
Q

Vitamin B13 alias, function and how destroyed

A
  • orotic acid

- prevents premature aging and liver problems , treats multiple sclerosis ( abnormal hardening of body tissue )

18
Q

Vitamin B5 function

A

-krebs cycle energy production, AcH production

19
Q

What are minerals
How many are useful

What is deficiency and toxic

Source

A
  • inorganic substances existing naturally in earth
  • 14/92
  • too little
  • too much

-drinking water and food

20
Q

Calcium function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • strengthens bones and teeth ,regulation role
  • osteomalacia , weak skeletal structure
  • dairy, kale, oranges , broccoli
21
Q

List the macro elementary

A
  • Ca
  • Mg
  • Fe
  • P
  • Zn
22
Q

Iron function, deficiency disease , is toxic and source

A

-carries O2 as part of Hgb, redox reactions , needed in functioning immune system, RBC formation

  • anemia, fatigue
  • if toxic affects cell growth, heart health ( stored in body tissue)

-meat, fish, spinach

23
Q

What can stop Fe absorption

Recommendations for vegans

A
  • Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn
  • antacids
  • tetracyclines

-high vitamins C supplement as Fe in plants not easily absorbed

24
Q

Magnesium function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • maintain acid-base balance , nerve and muscle functioning , activates blood sugar, proteins and sugars metabolizing enzymes
  • vital for bone growth 2:1 with Ca
  • aids in Ca absorption
  • muscle twitching, abnormal heart beat, nervousness
  • seeds, beans , unrefined grains
25
Q

Phosphorus function, deficiency disease and source and what prevents P absorption

A
  • most in bone 2:1 with Ca, nuclei acids, ATP energy bonds
  • fatigue
  • antacid with aluminum hydroxide for extended periods as Al stops P absorption
26
Q

Zinc function, deficiency disease ,toxic effect , what reduces its levels and source

A

-supports protein synthesis, healthy immune system

  • abnormal growth, immune functioning
  • toxic causes lower Cu retention, lower HDL cholesterol, impair immune function at 100mg/day
  • smoking
  • meats, fish, beans
27
Q

List trace elements

A
  • Mn
  • Co
  • Mo
  • Cu
  • I
  • Se
  • Cr
28
Q

Chromium function, deficiency disease,what causes its inadequaties and source

A
  • party of glucose tolerance factor wc works with insulin to utilize blood sugar
  • improper metabolism, imbalance in blood sugar
  • inadequate Cr in diet and excess sugar which uses it all up
  • brewesters yeast
29
Q

Copper function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • for proper brain, liver and nervous system functioning
  • absorption and utilization of Fe and Zn
  • inability to produce important antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, reduced RBC production
  • whole grains , nuts, liver, leafy vegetables Ko
30
Q

Cobalt function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • component of B12 , aids in RBC production, normal nervous functioning,treats and prevents perinicious anemia
  • perinicious anemia
  • beef, milk, liver ( not vegetables )
31
Q

Iodine function, deficiency disease , toxic effects and source

A

-essential to development and functioning of thyroid gland

  • goiter , abnormal brain development of fetus
  • toxic causes difficulty breathing and skin irritation

-iodized salt

32
Q

Manganese function, deficiency disease and source

A
  • normal bone development, important enzyme reactions
  • defect in bone and cartilage formation, damaged brain , reproduction
  • grains, cereal
33
Q

Molybdenum function, deficiency disease ,toxic effects and source

A

-enzymes ,

  • malabsorption suffers may be affected by deficiency although uncommon
  • toxic causes loss of Cu

-beans, cereals, milk

34
Q

Selenium function, toxic disease and source

A
  • antioxidant working closely with vitamin E, reduce risk of abnormal cell growth
  • toxic causes poor enzyme functioning, bone defect in fetus , Nausea, hair loss , nerve damage
  • seafood, liver
35
Q

Function If vanadium and silicon

A

-fast metabolism

  • important in composition and calcification of cartilage to produce bone
  • unrefined food plants
36
Q

Function and source of boron

A
  • metabolism of other other minerals that’s support bone growth
  • regulation of steroid hormones

-nuts , beans , raisins

37
Q

What are electrolytes and list them

A
  • elements necessary for electrochemical processes ie to propagate nerve impulses between cells
  • water , Na , Cl and K

BioChemistry (15 decks)

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