Vitamins And Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

thiamin

A
  • Pork
  • Whole and enriched grains
  • Seeds and nuts
  • Part of coenzyme needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl coA
  • Neurotransmitter synthesis
  • Normal nerve function

• Beriberi
○ Weakness
○ Irritability

none

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2
Q

riboflavin

A
  • Dairy products
  • Whole and enriched grains
  • Leafy green vegetables
  • Deamination reactions
  • Citric acid cycle
  • Beta oxidization
  • Inflammation of the mouth and tongues
  • Cracks at corners of the mouth

none

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3
Q

niacin

A
  • Beef
  • Chicken
  • Fish
  • Part of coenzyme NAD → electron carrier
  • Reactions that synthesize fatty acids and cholesterol

• Pellagra
○ Diarrhea
○ Dementia

  • Rash
  • Tingling extremities
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4
Q

vitamin B6

A
  • Meat
  • Fish
  • Poultry
  • Synthesize non essential amino acids
  • Make neurotransmitter
  • Break down glycogen
  • Headaches
  • Nausea
  • Numbness
  • Nerve damage
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5
Q

folate

A
  • Leafy green vegetables
  • Orange juice
  • Seeds
  • Important for embryonic development
  • Synthesis of DNA
  • Metabolism of some amino acids
  • Poor growth
  • Neural tube defects

Masks B12 deficiency

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6
Q

vitamin B12

A
  • Animal products
  • Liver
  • Required to activate folate
  • Production of ATP from certain fatty acids
  • Maintain myelin coating on nerves
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Nerve damage

none

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7
Q

vitamin C

A
  • Citrus fruit
  • Broccoli
  • Strawberries
  • Synthesis and maintenance of collagen
  • Reactions that synthesize hormones
  • Increase iron absorption

• Scurvy
○ Bleeding gums
○ Loose teeth

  • GI distress
  • Diarrhea
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8
Q

vitamin A

A
  • Carrots
  • Sweet potatoes
  • Fish
  • Vision
  • Cell differentiation
  • Reproduction
  • Night blindness
  • Dry skin
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
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9
Q

vitamin D

A
  • Fish oils
  • Tuna
  • Salmon
  • Absorption of calcium and phosphorus
  • Maintenance of bone

• Rickets in children
○ Abnormal growth
• Osteomalacia in adults
○ Weak bones

  • Growth retardation
  • Kidney damage
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10
Q

Vitamin E

A
  • Vegetable oils
  • Seeds
  • Nuts
  • Antioxidant
  • Protects cell membranes
  • Protects lipids
  • Broken red blood cells
  • Nerve damage

Blocks vitamin K activity

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11
Q

vitamin K

A
  • Vegetable oils
  • Leafy greens
  • Synthesis by intestinal bacteria
  • Synthesis of blood clotting proteins and proteins in bone
  • Hemorrhage
  • Anemia
  • Brain damage
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12
Q

sodium

A
  • Table salt
  • Processed foods
  • Nerve transmission
  • Muscle contraction
  • Fluid balance

• Muscle cramps

High blood pressure in sensitive people

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13
Q

potassiam

A
  • Bananas
  • Milk
  • Meat
  • Nerve transmission
  • Muscle contraction
  • Fluid balance
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Muscle cramps

• Abnormal heartbeat

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14
Q

calcium

A
  • Dairy products
  • Fish consumed with bones
  • Leafy green vegetables
  • Bone and tooth structure
  • Nerve transmission
  • Muscle contraction

• Osteoperosis
○ Reduced bone mass

• Kidney stones

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15
Q

phosphorus

A
  • Meat
  • Dairy
  • Cereals
  • Structure of bone and teeth
  • Membranes
  • Acid base balance
  • Bone loss
  • Weakness

• Calcium reabsorption from bone

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16
Q

magnesium

A
  • Greens
  • Whole grains
  • Seeds
  • Bone structure
  • ATP stabilization
  • Nerve and muscle function
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
17
Q

iron

A
  • Red meats
  • Leafy greens
  • Dried fruit
  • Part of hemoglobin
  • Part of myoglobin
  • Part of proteins needed for ATP production
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness

Hemochromatosis

18
Q

zinc

A
  • Meat
  • Seafood
  • Regulates protein synthesis
  • Growth
  • Wound healing
  • Poor growth
  • Skin rashes
  • Decreased copper absorption
  • Decressed immune function
19
Q

iodine

A
  • Iodized salt
  • Seafood
  • Seaweed
  • Synthesis of thyroid hormones
  • Regulates metabolic rate
  • Regulates growth
  • Goiter
  • Growth and developmental abnormalities

Enlarged thyroid

20
Q

fluoride

A
  • Fluoridated water
  • Toothpaste
  • Tea
  • Strengthens tooth enamel
  • Reduces acid production by bacteria in mouth
  • Enhances re-mineralization of tooth enamel

Dental carries

• Fluorosis
○ Mottled teeth
○ Bone abnormalities