Vitamins And Minerals Flashcards
1
Q
thiamin
A
- Pork
- Whole and enriched grains
- Seeds and nuts
- Part of coenzyme needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl coA
- Neurotransmitter synthesis
- Normal nerve function
• Beriberi
○ Weakness
○ Irritability
none
2
Q
riboflavin
A
- Dairy products
- Whole and enriched grains
- Leafy green vegetables
- Deamination reactions
- Citric acid cycle
- Beta oxidization
- Inflammation of the mouth and tongues
- Cracks at corners of the mouth
none
3
Q
niacin
A
- Beef
- Chicken
- Fish
- Part of coenzyme NAD → electron carrier
- Reactions that synthesize fatty acids and cholesterol
• Pellagra
○ Diarrhea
○ Dementia
- Rash
- Tingling extremities
4
Q
vitamin B6
A
- Meat
- Fish
- Poultry
- Synthesize non essential amino acids
- Make neurotransmitter
- Break down glycogen
- Headaches
- Nausea
- Numbness
- Nerve damage
5
Q
folate
A
- Leafy green vegetables
- Orange juice
- Seeds
- Important for embryonic development
- Synthesis of DNA
- Metabolism of some amino acids
- Poor growth
- Neural tube defects
Masks B12 deficiency
6
Q
vitamin B12
A
- Animal products
- Liver
- Required to activate folate
- Production of ATP from certain fatty acids
- Maintain myelin coating on nerves
- Pernicious anemia
- Nerve damage
none
7
Q
vitamin C
A
- Citrus fruit
- Broccoli
- Strawberries
- Synthesis and maintenance of collagen
- Reactions that synthesize hormones
- Increase iron absorption
• Scurvy
○ Bleeding gums
○ Loose teeth
- GI distress
- Diarrhea
8
Q
vitamin A
A
- Carrots
- Sweet potatoes
- Fish
- Vision
- Cell differentiation
- Reproduction
- Night blindness
- Dry skin
- Headache
- Vomiting
9
Q
vitamin D
A
- Fish oils
- Tuna
- Salmon
- Absorption of calcium and phosphorus
- Maintenance of bone
• Rickets in children
○ Abnormal growth
• Osteomalacia in adults
○ Weak bones
- Growth retardation
- Kidney damage
10
Q
Vitamin E
A
- Vegetable oils
- Seeds
- Nuts
- Antioxidant
- Protects cell membranes
- Protects lipids
- Broken red blood cells
- Nerve damage
Blocks vitamin K activity
11
Q
vitamin K
A
- Vegetable oils
- Leafy greens
- Synthesis by intestinal bacteria
- Synthesis of blood clotting proteins and proteins in bone
- Hemorrhage
- Anemia
- Brain damage
12
Q
sodium
A
- Table salt
- Processed foods
- Nerve transmission
- Muscle contraction
- Fluid balance
• Muscle cramps
High blood pressure in sensitive people
13
Q
potassiam
A
- Bananas
- Milk
- Meat
- Nerve transmission
- Muscle contraction
- Fluid balance
- Irregular heartbeat
- Muscle cramps
• Abnormal heartbeat
14
Q
calcium
A
- Dairy products
- Fish consumed with bones
- Leafy green vegetables
- Bone and tooth structure
- Nerve transmission
- Muscle contraction
• Osteoperosis
○ Reduced bone mass
• Kidney stones
15
Q
phosphorus
A
- Meat
- Dairy
- Cereals
- Structure of bone and teeth
- Membranes
- Acid base balance
- Bone loss
- Weakness
• Calcium reabsorption from bone
16
Q
magnesium
A
- Greens
- Whole grains
- Seeds
- Bone structure
- ATP stabilization
- Nerve and muscle function
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Vomiting
17
Q
iron
A
- Red meats
- Leafy greens
- Dried fruit
- Part of hemoglobin
- Part of myoglobin
- Part of proteins needed for ATP production
- Fatigue
- Weakness
Hemochromatosis
18
Q
zinc
A
- Meat
- Seafood
- Regulates protein synthesis
- Growth
- Wound healing
- Poor growth
- Skin rashes
- Decreased copper absorption
- Decressed immune function
19
Q
iodine
A
- Iodized salt
- Seafood
- Seaweed
- Synthesis of thyroid hormones
- Regulates metabolic rate
- Regulates growth
- Goiter
- Growth and developmental abnormalities
Enlarged thyroid
20
Q
fluoride
A
- Fluoridated water
- Toothpaste
- Tea
- Strengthens tooth enamel
- Reduces acid production by bacteria in mouth
- Enhances re-mineralization of tooth enamel
Dental carries
• Fluorosis
○ Mottled teeth
○ Bone abnormalities
