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Nutrition Exam 3 > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A Function

A

Anti-Infection
Beta-Carotene (Anti-oxidant)

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2
Q

Vitamin D Function

A

Bone Development

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3
Q

Vitamin E Function

A

Antioxidant
Blood Clotting

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4
Q

Vitamin K Function

A

Blood Clotting
Bone Development

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5
Q

Vitamin A Deficiency

A

Impaired Vision
Weakened Immune Function
Stunted Growth
Xerophthalmia (Eye Disease)

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6
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency

A

Soft bones Osteomalacia (adults)
Rickets (Children)

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7
Q

Vitamin K Deficiency

A

Rare but life-threatening
Leads to excessive bleeding
Easy bruising

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8
Q

Vitamin A Toxicity

A

Birth Defects
Liver Toxicity

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9
Q

Vitamin D Toxicity

A

High blood Calcium levels
Metabolic death & cell death
Weakness, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, mental confusion, increased urine output

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10
Q

Vitamin E Toxicity

A

Hemorrhaging
Nausea
Gastrointestinal distress
Diarrhea

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11
Q

Vitamin K Toxicity

A

N/A

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12
Q

Pre-Formed Vitamin A Food Sources

A

Milk
Eggs
Meat?

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13
Q

Beta-Carotene Food Sources

A

Sweet potatoes
Mangoes
Spinach
Lettuce
Carrots

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14
Q

Vitamin D Food Sources

A

Sunlight
Eggs
Fish
Dairy

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15
Q

Vitamin E Food Sources

A

Oil
Nuts
Eggs

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16
Q

Vitamin K Food Sources

A

Lettuce
Brussel Sprouts
Broccoli

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17
Q

Vitamin A Other Info

A

Group of compounds known as Retinoids

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18
Q

Vitamin C Function

A

Connective tissue
Antioxidant

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19
Q

Vitamin C Deficiency

A

Scurvy
easy bruising
slowly healing wounds
bone pain
bleeding gums

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20
Q

Vitamin C Toxicity

A

Megadoses
Diarrhea
Nausea
vomiting

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21
Q

Vitamin C Food Sources

A

Oranges
Green Peppers
Strawberries
Potatoes
Tomatoes

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22
Q

Thiamin Function

A

Co-enzyme: releases energy form carbohydrate

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23
Q

Thiamin Deficiency

A

Berri Berri
Tingling limbs, loss of sensitivity in feet and fingers, muscle weakness, rapid heartbeat, difficulty waking up, mental confusion, coordination problems, lower body paralysis

Loss of appetite, Fatigue, Irritability, Nerve Damage, Blurry vision, nausea and vomiting, delirium

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24
Q

Riboflavin Function

A

Helps in the breakdown of fatty acids
Antioxidant

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25
Q

Thiamin Food Sources

A

Pork
Nuts
Bread

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26
Q

Riboflavin Deficiency

A

Pale
Painful cracks in the corners of the mouth and lips
Mouth and tongue are sore

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27
Q

Riboflavin Food Sources

A

Milk

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28
Q

Riboflavin Other

A

Destroyed by Light

29
Q

Niacin Function

A

Antioxidant

30
Q

Niacin Deficiency

A

Pellagra:
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death

31
Q

Niacin Toxicity

A

Severe skin flushing combined with dizziness, rapid heart beat, itching, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gout

32
Q

Niacin Food Sources

A

Tuna and other fish
Poultry
Peanuts
Beef
Asparagus

33
Q

Folate Function

A

DNA Synthesis:
New cell synthesis
Neural Tubes, Red blood cells

Cell division

34
Q

Folate Deficiency

A

Cells cannot divide
Large-cell Anemia

35
Q

Folate Food Sources

A

Lettuce
Pasta
Beans
Oranges

36
Q

Vitamin B6 Function

A

100 different functions
(Co-enzymes)

37
Q

Vitamin B6 Deficiency

A

Diarrhea
nausea
abdominal cramps
other gastrointestinal issues

38
Q

Vitamin B6 Food Source

A

White meat
Fish
beans
leafy greens
Avocado
bananas

39
Q

Vitamin B12 Function

A

Used in folate metabolism

40
Q

Vitamin B12 Food Sources

A

Animal Products

41
Q

Folate Other

A

Toxicity masks as B12 deficiency

42
Q

Vitamin B12 Other

A

Absorption

Stomach
HCI and pepsin release B12 from food
Binds to R-protein

Small Intestine
Trypsin (from pancreas) releases B12 from R-protein
Links with intrinsic factor, then absorbed into the blood

43
Q

Sodium Function

A

Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Nerve Transmission
Transport

44
Q

Sodium Food Sources

A

Processed foods
Milk
Protein

45
Q

Sodium Toxicity

A

Overweight & Obesity
Cardiovascular Disease
High Blood Pressure

46
Q

Sodium Limit

A

2,300 mg

47
Q

Potassium Functions

A

Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Nerve impulse
Muscle contractions

48
Q

Potassium Food Sources

A

Fruits and Veggies

49
Q

Magnesium Food Sources

A

Nuts
Legumes
Bread
Leafy Greens

50
Q

Magnesium Function

A

Enzyme

51
Q

Calcium Function

A

Blood Pressure
Blood Clotting
Muscle Contraction
Nerve Transmission
Enzyme Activation

52
Q

Calcium Food Sources

A

Milk
Yogurt
Cheese
Soy Milk
Spinach
Almonds

53
Q

Calcium Deficiency

A

Osteoporosis
Bone Fractures

54
Q

Calcium Toxicity

A

GI concerns - constipation
Absorption of other minerals
Interacts with antibiotics
Excess blood calcium (Very rare)

55
Q

Calcium Storage

A

Storage:
99% Bones
1% Teeth

56
Q

Iron Function

A

Transport Oxygen

57
Q

Iron Food Sources

A

Heme & Non-Heme
Meat flesh
(darker the better)

Non-Heme
Enriched Cereal
Dark Leafy Greens
Legumes
Vegetables

58
Q

Iron Deficiency

A

Anemia (High risk in women and when menstruating)
Blood cells become pale and tiny, contain less hemoglobin
High risk groups - women & menstruating

59
Q

Iron Toxicity

A

Damages the GI tract
Causes upset stomachs

60
Q

Iron Other

A

Increasing non-heme Iron Absorption
Vitamin C, Cast-iron cookware, Acidic Food, Meat/fish/poultry
Decreasing non-Heme Iron Absorption
Oxalates (Spinach), Phytates (Grains, beans), Calcium, Tannins
Affect Absorption
Person’s Iron Status - Pregnant
Iron From - heme 25% absorp, non-heme 2% absorp.
Consumption with other foods

61
Q

Zinc Function

A

DNA Synthesis
Growth
Necessary to make proteins in wound healing

62
Q

Zinc Food Sources

A

Meat
Grains

63
Q

Zinc Deficiency

A

Sexual immaturity
Stunts Growth
Wounds do not heal

64
Q

Selenium Function

A

Antioxidant

65
Q

Iodine Function

A

Basal Metabolic Rate
Part of the hormone Thyroxine

66
Q

Iodine Food Sources

A

Milk
Iodized Salt
Sea food

67
Q

Iodine Deficiency

A

Goiter
Congenital Hypothyroidism

68
Q

Fluoride Function

A

Preventing Cavities

69
Q

Fluoride Toxicity

A

Fluorosis (mottling)

Nutrition Exam 3 (1 decks)

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