Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

Vitamin A Function

Answer 1

Anti-Infection
Beta-Carotene (Anti-oxidant)

Question 2

Vitamin D Function

Answer 2

Bone Development

Question 3

Vitamin E Function

Answer 3

Antioxidant
Blood Clotting

Question 4

Vitamin K Function

Answer 4

Blood Clotting
Bone Development

Question 5

Vitamin A Deficiency

Answer 5

Impaired Vision
Weakened Immune Function
Stunted Growth
Xerophthalmia (Eye Disease)

Question 6

Vitamin D Deficiency

Answer 6

Soft bones Osteomalacia (adults)
Rickets (Children)

Question 7

Vitamin K Deficiency

Answer 7

Rare but life-threatening
Leads to excessive bleeding
Easy bruising

Question 8

Vitamin A Toxicity

Answer 8

Birth Defects
Liver Toxicity

Question 9

Vitamin D Toxicity

Answer 9

High blood Calcium levels
Metabolic death & cell death
Weakness, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, mental confusion, increased urine output

Question 10

Vitamin E Toxicity

Answer 10

Hemorrhaging
Nausea
Gastrointestinal distress
Diarrhea

Question 11

Vitamin K Toxicity

Answer 11

N/A

Question 12

Pre-Formed Vitamin A Food Sources

Answer 12

Milk
Eggs
Meat?

Question 13

Beta-Carotene Food Sources

Answer 13

Sweet potatoes
Mangoes
Spinach
Lettuce
Carrots

Question 14

Vitamin D Food Sources

Answer 14

Sunlight
Eggs
Fish
Dairy

Question 15

Vitamin E Food Sources

Answer 15

Oil
Nuts
Eggs

Question 16

Vitamin K Food Sources

Answer 16

Lettuce
Brussel Sprouts
Broccoli

Question 17

Vitamin A Other Info

Answer 17

Group of compounds known as Retinoids

Question 18

Vitamin C Function

Answer 18

Connective tissue
Antioxidant

Question 19

Vitamin C Deficiency

Answer 19

Scurvy
easy bruising
slowly healing wounds
bone pain
bleeding gums

Question 20

Vitamin C Toxicity

Answer 20

Megadoses
Diarrhea
Nausea
vomiting

Question 21

Vitamin C Food Sources

Answer 21

Oranges
Green Peppers
Strawberries
Potatoes
Tomatoes

Question 22

Thiamin Function

Answer 22

Co-enzyme: releases energy form carbohydrate

Question 23

Thiamin Deficiency

Answer 23

Berri Berri
Tingling limbs, loss of sensitivity in feet and fingers, muscle weakness, rapid heartbeat, difficulty waking up, mental confusion, coordination problems, lower body paralysis

Loss of appetite, Fatigue, Irritability, Nerve Damage, Blurry vision, nausea and vomiting, delirium

Question 24

Riboflavin Function

Answer 24

Helps in the breakdown of fatty acids
Antioxidant

Question 25

Thiamin Food Sources

Answer 25

Pork Nuts Bread

Question 26

Riboflavin Deficiency

Answer 26

Pale Painful cracks in the corners of the mouth and lips Mouth and tongue are sore

Question 27

Riboflavin Food Sources

Answer 27

Milk

Question 28

Riboflavin Other

Answer 28

Destroyed by Light

Question 29

Niacin Function

Answer 29

Antioxidant

Question 30

Niacin Deficiency

Answer 30

Pellagra: Diarrhea Dermatitis Dementia Death

Question 31

Niacin Toxicity

Answer 31

Severe skin flushing combined with dizziness, rapid heart beat, itching, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gout

Question 32

Niacin Food Sources

Answer 32

Tuna and other fish Poultry Peanuts Beef Asparagus

Question 33

Folate Function

Answer 33

DNA Synthesis: New cell synthesis Neural Tubes, Red blood cells Cell division

Question 34

Folate Deficiency

Answer 34

Cells cannot divide Large-cell Anemia

Question 35

Folate Food Sources

Answer 35

Lettuce Pasta Beans Oranges

Question 36

Vitamin B6 Function

Answer 36

100 different functions (Co-enzymes)

Question 37

Vitamin B6 Deficiency

Answer 37

Diarrhea nausea abdominal cramps other gastrointestinal issues

Question 38

Vitamin B6 Food Source

Answer 38

White meat Fish beans leafy greens Avocado bananas

Question 39

Vitamin B12 Function

Answer 39

Used in folate metabolism

Question 40

Vitamin B12 Food Sources

Answer 40

Animal Products

Question 41

Folate Other

Answer 41

Toxicity masks as B12 deficiency

Question 42

Vitamin B12 Other

Answer 42

Absorption Stomach HCI and pepsin release B12 from food Binds to R-protein Small Intestine Trypsin (from pancreas) releases B12 from R-protein Links with intrinsic factor, then absorbed into the blood

Question 43

Sodium Function

Answer 43

Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Nerve Transmission Transport

Question 44

Sodium Food Sources

Answer 44

Processed foods Milk Protein

Question 45

Sodium Toxicity

Answer 45

Overweight & Obesity Cardiovascular Disease High Blood Pressure

Question 46

Sodium Limit

Answer 46

2,300 mg

Question 47

Potassium Functions

Answer 47

Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Nerve impulse Muscle contractions

Question 48

Potassium Food Sources

Answer 48

Fruits and Veggies

Question 49

Magnesium Food Sources

Answer 49

Nuts Legumes Bread Leafy Greens

Question 50

Magnesium Function

Answer 50

Enzyme

Question 51

Calcium Function

Answer 51

Blood Pressure Blood Clotting Muscle Contraction Nerve Transmission Enzyme Activation

Question 52

Calcium Food Sources

Answer 52

Milk Yogurt Cheese Soy Milk Spinach Almonds

Question 53

Calcium Deficiency

Answer 53

Osteoporosis Bone Fractures

Question 54

Calcium Toxicity

Answer 54

GI concerns - constipation Absorption of other minerals Interacts with antibiotics Excess blood calcium (Very rare)

Question 55

Calcium Storage

Answer 55

Storage: 99% Bones 1% Teeth

Question 56

Iron Function

Answer 56

Transport Oxygen

Question 57

Iron Food Sources

Answer 57

Heme & Non-Heme Meat flesh (darker the better) Non-Heme Enriched Cereal Dark Leafy Greens Legumes Vegetables

Question 58

Iron Deficiency

Answer 58

Anemia (High risk in women and when menstruating) Blood cells become pale and tiny, contain less hemoglobin High risk groups - women & menstruating

Question 59

Iron Toxicity

Answer 59

Damages the GI tract Causes upset stomachs

Question 60

Iron Other

Answer 60

Increasing non-heme Iron Absorption Vitamin C, Cast-iron cookware, Acidic Food, Meat/fish/poultry Decreasing non-Heme Iron Absorption Oxalates (Spinach), Phytates (Grains, beans), Calcium, Tannins Affect Absorption Person's Iron Status - Pregnant Iron From - heme 25% absorp, non-heme 2% absorp. Consumption with other foods

Question 61

Zinc Function

Answer 61

DNA Synthesis Growth Necessary to make proteins in wound healing

Question 62

Zinc Food Sources

Answer 62

Meat Grains

Question 63

Zinc Deficiency

Answer 63

Sexual immaturity Stunts Growth Wounds do not heal

Question 64

Selenium Function

Answer 64

Antioxidant

Question 65

Iodine Function

Answer 65

Basal Metabolic Rate Part of the hormone Thyroxine

Question 66

Iodine Food Sources

Answer 66

Milk Iodized Salt Sea food

Question 67

Iodine Deficiency

Answer 67

Goiter Congenital Hypothyroidism

Question 68

Fluoride Function

Answer 68

Preventing Cavities

Question 69

Fluoride Toxicity

Answer 69

Fluorosis (mottling)