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Biochemistry > Vitamins And Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins And Minerals Flashcards

0
Q

Three forms of vitamin A

A

Retinal - rods and cones for vision
Retinol - gametogenesis in gonads
Retinoic acid - epithelial growth

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1
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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2
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Nyctalopia, xerophthalmia, impotence, growth retardation

Leading cause of preventable blindness

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3
Q

Vitamin A toxicity

A

Hypervitaminosis A

Hyperkeratosis, hepatomagaly, pseudo tumor cerebri, increased fractures, teratogenic

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4
Q

Vitamin D forms

A

Ergocalciferol Vit. D2 plants
Cholecalciferol Vit D3 skin and milk
Calcitriol: 1-25-(OH)2 vitamin d3

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5
Q

Vit D storage form

A

Storage: 25-(OH) Vit d3

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6
Q

Vit D active form

A

1-25-(OH)2 vitamin d3

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7
Q

Vitamin D hydroxylation

A

1st 25 hydroxylation liver

2nd 1 hydroxylation kidney

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8
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults because growth plate has closed
Hypocalcemia, tetany

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9
Q

Vitamin D toxicity

A

Most toxic vitamin

Hypercalcemia, anorexia, nausea, thirst, stupor

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10
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

RBC Fragility

Neurological dysfunction esp in the posterior column and the spinocerebellar tract demyelination

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11
Q

Vitamin K forms

A

Phylloquinone K1
Menaquinone K2
Menadione synthetic

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12
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

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13
Q

Vitamin K toxicity

A

Jaundice and hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin B1,2,3,5,6,12
Vitamin c
Biotin
Folate

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15
Q

Vitamin b1

A

Thiamine

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16
Q

Vitamin b2

A

Riboflavin

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17
Q

Vitamin b3

A

Niacin

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18
Q

Vitamin b5

A

Pantothenic acid CoA

19
Q

Vitamin b6

A

Pyridoxine, pyridoxal phosphate

20
Q

Vit b12

A

Cobalamin

21
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Dry beriberi no heart failure
Wet beriberi with dilated cardiomyopathy high output heart failure
Wernicke confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia
Korsakoff confabulations, hallucinations, memory loss, anterograde amnesia

22
Q

Vitamin b2 deficiency

A

Just signs and symptoms

Stomatitis, cheilosis, dermatitis, corneal vascularization

23
Q

Vitamin b3 niacin may be derived from tryptophan using b6. Deficiency of b3

A

Pellagra diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

24
Q

Hartnup disease b3 deficiency

A

Decrease in tryptophan absorption

25
Q

Carcinoid syndrome b3 deficiency

A

Increased tryptophan metabolism

26
Q

Isoniazid use b3 deficiency

A

Decreased vitamin b6

27
Q

Vitamin b5 pantothenate deficiency

A

Dermatitis,alopecia, enteritis, adrenal insufficiency

28
Q

Vitamin b6 pyridoxine toxicity

A

Peripheral neuropathy

29
Q

Toxicity Of Vit b6

A

> 2g/day intake

Gait problems, CNS toxicity

30
Q

Vitamin b12 cobalamin needs intrinsic factor for absorption, deficiency causes

A

Pernicious anemia
Early megaloblastic
Late neuropsychiatric

31
Q

Active forms of cobalamin

A

5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin for methionine synthesis

Methylcobalamin for isomerization reactions

32
Q

Folic acid active form

A

Tetrahydrofolate

33
Q

Deficiency of folic acid

A

Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmentation of neutrophils, macrocytic anemia
Neural tube defects in preggers

34
Q

Biotin deficiency

A

Induced by avidin in egg whites, dermatitis and enteritis

35
Q

Vitamin c deficiency

A

Scurvy
Loose teeth sore swollen gums, swollen joints, fragile vessels and anemia.
Poor wound healing

36
Q

Vitamin c toxicity

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue

37
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

Decreased taste, poor wound healing, dermatitis, hair loss, testicular atrophy, anosmia

38
Q

Impaired zinc absorption

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

39
Q

Type of anemia in cooper deficiency

A

Microcytic hypochromic

40
Q

Menkes syndrome

A

XLR, no ATP-dependent membrane transporter for copper

41
Q

Wilson’s disease presents with

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings

42
Q

Defect in Wilson’s

A

Intact intestinal absorption of cooper but biliary excrete is blocked

43
Q

Treatment of Wilson’s disease

A

D-penicillamine

44
Q

Manganese madness

A

Psychosis and Parkinsonism

45
Q

Selenium deficiency

A

Keshan disease causes cardiomyopathy

Biochemistry (3 decks)

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