Vitamins And Minerals

Question 0

Three forms of vitamin A

Answer 0

Retinal - rods and cones for vision
Retinol - gametogenesis in gonads
Retinoic acid - epithelial growth

Question 1

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 1

ADEK

Question 2

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 2

Nyctalopia, xerophthalmia, impotence, growth retardation

Leading cause of preventable blindness

Question 3

Vitamin A toxicity

Answer 3

Hypervitaminosis A

Hyperkeratosis, hepatomagaly, pseudo tumor cerebri, increased fractures, teratogenic

Question 4

Vitamin D forms

Answer 4

Ergocalciferol Vit. D2 plants
Cholecalciferol Vit D3 skin and milk
Calcitriol: 1-25-(OH)2 vitamin d3

Question 5

Vit D storage form

Answer 5

Storage: 25-(OH) Vit d3

Question 6

Vit D active form

Answer 6

1-25-(OH)2 vitamin d3

Question 7

Vitamin D hydroxylation

Answer 7

1st 25 hydroxylation liver

2nd 1 hydroxylation kidney

Question 8

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 8

Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults because growth plate has closed
Hypocalcemia, tetany

Question 9

Vitamin D toxicity

Answer 9

Most toxic vitamin

Hypercalcemia, anorexia, nausea, thirst, stupor

Question 10

Vitamin E deficiency

Answer 10

RBC Fragility

Neurological dysfunction esp in the posterior column and the spinocerebellar tract demyelination

Question 11

Vitamin K forms

Answer 11

Phylloquinone K1
Menaquinone K2
Menadione synthetic

Question 12

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 12

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Question 13

Vitamin K toxicity

Answer 13

Jaundice and hemolytic anemia

Question 14

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 14

Vitamin B1,2,3,5,6,12
Vitamin c
Biotin
Folate

Question 15

Vitamin b1

Answer 15

Thiamine

Question 16

Vitamin b2

Answer 16

Riboflavin

Question 17

Vitamin b3

Answer 17

Niacin

Question 18

Vitamin b5

Answer 18

Pantothenic acid CoA

Question 19

Vitamin b6

Answer 19

Pyridoxine, pyridoxal phosphate

Question 20

Vit b12

Answer 20

Cobalamin

Question 21

Vitamin B1 deficiency

Answer 21

Dry beriberi no heart failure
Wet beriberi with dilated cardiomyopathy high output heart failure
Wernicke confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia
Korsakoff confabulations, hallucinations, memory loss, anterograde amnesia

Question 22

Vitamin b2 deficiency

Answer 22

Just signs and symptoms

Stomatitis, cheilosis, dermatitis, corneal vascularization

Question 23

Vitamin b3 niacin may be derived from tryptophan using b6. Deficiency of b3

Answer 23

Pellagra diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

Question 24

Hartnup disease b3 deficiency

Answer 24

Decrease in tryptophan absorption

Question 25

Carcinoid syndrome b3 deficiency

Answer 25

Increased tryptophan metabolism

Question 26

Isoniazid use b3 deficiency

Answer 26

Decreased vitamin b6

Question 27

Vitamin b5 pantothenate deficiency

Answer 27

Dermatitis,alopecia, enteritis, adrenal insufficiency

Question 28

Vitamin b6 pyridoxine toxicity

Answer 28

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 29

Toxicity Of Vit b6

Answer 29

>2g/day intake | Gait problems, CNS toxicity

Question 30

Vitamin b12 cobalamin needs intrinsic factor for absorption, deficiency causes

Answer 30

Pernicious anemia Early megaloblastic Late neuropsychiatric

Question 31

Active forms of cobalamin

Answer 31

5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin for methionine synthesis | Methylcobalamin for isomerization reactions

Question 32

Folic acid active form

Answer 32

Tetrahydrofolate

Question 33

Deficiency of folic acid

Answer 33

Megaloblastic anemia Hypersegmentation of neutrophils, macrocytic anemia Neural tube defects in preggers

Question 34

Biotin deficiency

Answer 34

Induced by avidin in egg whites, dermatitis and enteritis

Question 35

Vitamin c deficiency

Answer 35

Scurvy Loose teeth sore swollen gums, swollen joints, fragile vessels and anemia. Poor wound healing

Question 36

Vitamin c toxicity

Answer 36

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue

Question 37

Zinc deficiency

Answer 37

Decreased taste, poor wound healing, dermatitis, hair loss, testicular atrophy, anosmia

Question 38

Impaired zinc absorption

Answer 38

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Question 39

Type of anemia in cooper deficiency

Answer 39

Microcytic hypochromic

Question 40

Menkes syndrome

Answer 40

XLR, no ATP-dependent membrane transporter for copper

Question 41

Wilson's disease presents with

Answer 41

Kayser-Fleischer rings

Question 42

Defect in Wilson's

Answer 42

Intact intestinal absorption of cooper but biliary excrete is blocked

Question 43

Treatment of Wilson's disease

Answer 43

D-penicillamine

Question 44

Manganese madness

Answer 44

Psychosis and Parkinsonism

Question 45

Selenium deficiency

Answer 45

Keshan disease causes cardiomyopathy