Vitamins and Cofactors

Question 1

What are some examples of redox cofactors?

Answer 1

NADH

NADPH

FAD(2H)

Metals: Copper, Iron, etc

Question 2

Where do the H’s go in the NAD/Lactate Dehyrogenase RXN with Lactate?

Answer 2

Both leave lactate. One attaches to the Nicatinamide on FAD and one goes into solution.

Question 3

(T/F) Most enzymes use NAD or NADPH, but not both.

Answer 3

T

Question 4

When Pyruvate Dehydrogenase is on you get [ ] When it’s off you get [ ]

Answer 4

Glycolysis on and consumption of carbs; Glycolysis off and consumption of fatty acids. Decides whether yo burn or ferment carbs.

Question 5

What is the reaction type and formula concerning Pyruvate Dehydrogenase.

Answer 5

Oxidative decarboylation, redox reaction, acyl transfer reaction
NAD+ + pyruvate + CoASH  NADH + H+ + acetyl CoA + CO2

Question 6

In the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase reaction, what species carry out..
Decarboxylation:

Reduction and oxidation:

Transfer acyl group:

Answer 6

Decarboxylation: Thiamine pyrophosphate

Reduction and oxidation: NAD+ and FAD

Transfer acyl group: Lipoate and CoASH

Question 7

Which 4 Enzymes use Biotin?

Answer 7

acetyl CoA carboxylase fatty acid synthesis
pyruvate carboxylase gluconeogenesis, etc.
propionyl CoA carboxylase branched chain fatty acid metabolism
methylcrotinyl CoA carboxylase branched chain amino acid metabolism