Vitamins Flashcards
1
Q
Vitamin A
A
- function: eyes, skin, immunity
- toxicity: birth defects, liver injury, bone-related disorders
- deficiency: night blindness, xerophthalmia (thickening and drying of conductive), keratomalacia (degeneration of cornea), blindness
2
Q
Vitamin D
A
- regulates calcium and phosphorus
- deficiency causes rickets or osteomalacia
- fortified foods meets dietary requirements
3
Q
Vitamin E
A
- antioxidant properties
- dietary sources: fresh greens, seeds, oils
- toxicity may increase risk for bleeding - particularly increases risk for hemorrhagic stroke
4
Q
Vitamin K
A
- action required for synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors
- deficiency produces bleeding
- adverse rxns: hypersensitivity rxn, hyperbilirubinemia in parenteral admin to newborns
- TU: warfarin overdose, newborns
5
Q
Fat Soluble Vitamins
A
- A, D, E, K
6
Q
Water Soluble Vitmains
A
- C, B complex
7
Q
Vitamin C
A
- required for collagen production - wound healing, skin integrity
- helps synthesis adrenal steroids
- has antioxidant properties
- facilitates iron absorption
- deficiency can lead to scurvy - tooth loss, bleeding gums, poor wound healing
8
Q
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
A
- AE: large doses - vasodilation with flushing, dizziness, nausea
- TU: can decrease cholesterol in large doses
- deficiency: pellagra (scaling and cracking of the skin in areas exposed to the sun), GI disturbances, CNS
9
Q
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
A
- coenzyme for carb metabolism
- needs increase slightly during prego and breast feeding
- deficiency: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
10
Q
Beriberi
A
Wet:
- fluid accumulation in the legs
- cardio complications (palpitations, ECG abnorms, high-output heart failure)
- treatment: recovery dramatic - good
Dry:
- neuro and motor deficits, no edema or cardio issues
- slow recovery
11
Q
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
A
- caused by alcoholism
- serious CNS disorder - nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, inability to remember the recent past
12
Q
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
A
- coenzyme in the metabolism of amino acids and protein
- must first convert to its active form: pyridoxal phosphate
- sources: fortified breakfast cereal, meat, fish, poultry, white potatoes, other starchy veggies and non-citrus fruits
- deficiency sx: seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic anemia, peripheral neuritis, convulsions, depression, confusion
13
Q
Vitamin B Complex
A
- cyanocobalamin and folic acid
- synthesis of DNA
- deficiency: Both- megaloblastic, cyan. - neuro damage
14
Q
***Harmful supplements to avoid
A
- Comfrey, Kava, Ma Huang (ephedra)
15
Q
Black Cohosh
A
- treatment of menopause symptoms
- not evaluated for long-term use
- ADR: GI effects most common, rash, HA, weight gain, and cramps
_ ***potentiate antihypertensive and the hypoglycemic effect of OHAs and insulin
