Vitamins

Question 1

Function- maintenance of epithelial cells and mucous membranes; important for night vision; necessary for adequate immune response

Liver, dark green leafy vegetables, deep orange vegetables and fruit

Deficiency-Night blindness; rough dry skin; dry mucous membranes; xerophthalmia

Answer 1

Vitamin A

Retinol

Question 2

Protects red blood cells from rupture; prevents destruction of vitamin A in the intestine; helps maintain normal cell membranes

Vegetable oils, wheat germ, legumes, nuts, fish, and green leafy vegetables

Deficiency- breakdown of red blood cells

Answer 2

Vitamin E

Question 3

Necessary for blood clotting

Dark green leafy vegetables, cauliflower, soybean oil, green tea, and synthesis of intestinal bacteria

Deficiency-hemorrhage

Answer 3

Vitamin K

Question 4

Aids in absorption of calcium and phosphorus; regulates blood levels of calcium; promotes bone and teeth mineralization

Fortified milk, fish with bones, and cod liver oil

Deficiency-rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults)

Answer 4

Vitamin D

Question 5

Carbohydrate metabolism; assists function of the heart, muscles and nervous system; promotes appetite and good function of the digestive tract.

Whole grains, wheat germ, organ meats, pork, legumes, and brewers yeast

Deficiency-beriberi, fatigue, depression, poor appetite, edema, wernicke encephalopathy, korsakoff psychosis, spastic muscle contractions, mental confusion

Answer 5

Vitamin B1

Thiamine

Question 6

Essential for certain enzyme systems that aid in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Milk/products, eggs, green leafy vegetables, organ meats, peanuts, whole grains, and soybeans

Deficiency-tongue inflammation, scaling and burning skin, sensitive eyes, cataracts, and anemia

Answer 6

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

Question 7

Part of the enzymes the aid in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; needed for healthy skin, lips, tongue, and digestive system

Meats and organ meats, whole grain flour, mushrooms, turkey, chicken, tuna, and halibut

Deficiency-Pellagra if severe gastrointestinal disturbances, photosensitive dermatitis, and depressive psychosis

Answer 7

Vitamin B3

Niacin,nicotinic acid

Question 8

Metabolism of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and fats; essential for proper growth and cell membrane function

Liver and red meats, whole grains, potato, green vegetables, chickpeas, tuna, pork, lentils, and sweet potato

Deficiency-believed to lead to conclusions, peripheral neuropathy, secondary pellagra, possible depression, and oral lesions

Answer 8

Vitamin B6
(Pyridoxine)

Question 9

AIDS in the hemoglobin synthesis, normal functioning of all cells, and folic acid metabolism; important in energy metabolism

Meats, organ meats, dry milk/products, eggs, sardines, and clams

Deficiency-pernicious anemia, anorexia, degeneration of the spinal cord, various psychiatric disorders, and contributes to osteoporosis

Answer 9

Vitamin B12

Cobalamin

Question 10

Formation of the red blood cells and normal functioning of gastrointestinal tract. Aids in the metabolism of the proteins and DNA.

Glandular meats, yeast, dark green leafy vegetables, legumes, whole grains, enriched rice, and wheat germ

Deficiency-impaired cell division, megaloblastic anemia, possible neural tube defect, and various psychiatric disorders

Answer 10

Folic acid

Question 11

Helps protect the body against infections. Aids in wound healing; important for tooth dentin, bones, cartilage connective tissue, and blood vessels.

Citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries, cantaloupe, peaches, papaya, kiwi, broccoli, cabbage, potatoes, green peppers, and green leafy vegetables

Deficiency-scurvy, anemia, swollen and bleeding gums, loose teeth, poor wound healing, and easy bruising from ruptured all blood vessels

Answer 11

Vitamin C

Ascorbic acid