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HeaL 257 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Niacin deficiency is also called….

A

Pellagra

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2
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin deficiency

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3
Q

Symptoms of this vitamin deficiency include fatigue, diarrhea, mental deterioration, and even death in come cases.

A

Pellagra or Niacin deficiency

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4
Q

Kimani the Gorilla was dying from ______ deficiency

A

Vitamin D

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5
Q

Chemical substances that perform specific functions in the body.

A

Vitamins

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6
Q

Must be included in our diet

A

Essential nutrients

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7
Q

__ vitamins have been discovered so far

A

14

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8
Q

List the 2 basic types of vitamins.

A

1) water soluble

2) fat soluble

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9
Q

List some examples of Water soluble vitamins

A

B-complex vitamins

Vitamin C

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10
Q

List some examples of Fat soluble vitamins.

A

Vitamins D,E,K,A (or the DEKA vitamins)

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11
Q

DEKA

A

Vitamins D, E, K, and A

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12
Q

People do not develop deficiency diseases when they consume too little of the _____ vitamins.

A

bogus

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13
Q

What type?

B-complex vitamins

A

water-soluble

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14
Q

What type?

vitamin C

A

water-soluble

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15
Q

Vitamins D, E, K, A

A

Fat soluble

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16
Q

What type?

Folate

A

water-soluble

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17
Q

What type?

Biotin

A

water-soluble

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18
Q

What type?

Pantothenic acid

A

water-soluble

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19
Q

What type?

Choline

A

water-soluble

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20
Q

What type?

Vitamin C

A

water-soluble

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21
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins…

A

(Vitamins) A,D,E & K

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22
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in _____.

A

lipid

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23
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in _____; toxicity can occur when consumed in excess

A

tissue

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24
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins are often present in the _____ _______ of foods.

A

fatty portion

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25
Q

With fat-soluble vitamins, ____ amounts are necessary for good health.

A

small

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26
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins - Absorption occurs in the _____ ______.

A

small intestine

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27
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins: following absorption, they leave the small intestine in _____.

A

chylomicrons

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28
Q

Water-soluble vitamins include the eight ___ vitamins, Vitamin _, and ____.

A

(eight) B vitamins
Vitamin C
Choline

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29
Q

Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in ____.

A

water

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30
Q

water-soluble vitamins are not stored in large amounts in _____; toxicity generally ____ ____ _____.

A

tissues

does not occur

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31
Q

Water-soluble vitamins: Many are easily _____ or _____ during food storage or preparation.

A

destroyed

removed

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32
Q

Water-soluble vitamins: _____ amounts are necessary for good health.

A

small

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33
Q

Water-soluble vitamins: All except _____ function as coenzymes.

A

Choline

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34
Q

Water-soluble vitamins: Most circulate freshly in the ____.

A

blood

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35
Q

Vitamins don’t provide ____.

A

energy

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36
Q

Some vitamins play critical roles as ____ in the conversion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into energy.

A

coemzymes

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37
Q

Vitamins are involved in reactions that build and maintain _____ _____ such as bone, muscle, and red blood cells.

A

body tissues

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38
Q

Vitamins participate in reactions that affect ____

A

behaviors

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39
Q

A nutrient that ca be converted into another nutrient

A

precursor

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40
Q

________ is a precursor of Vitamin A.

A

Beta-carotene

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41
Q

Chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals.

A

Antioxidants

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42
Q

Beta-carotene, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C function as ___.

A

antioxidants

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43
Q

_______, Vitamin __,, and vitamin C function as antioxidants.

A

beta-carotene

(vitamin) E

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44
Q

A precursor is also called a

A

provitamin

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45
Q

beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin _.

A

(vitamin) A

46
Q

Name the 3 antioxidant vitamins.

A

Beta-carotene (vitamin A precursor), Vitamin E, and vitamin C

47
Q

The antioxidant vitamins (Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene) prevent or repair damage to components of cells caused by exposure to ________ _____..

A

free radicals

48
Q

Atoms and molecules that have lost electrons to free radicals are said to be ____.

A

oxidized

49
Q

Atoms and molecules that have lost electrons to free radicals can damage lipids, ____ membranes, DNA, and other cell components.

A

cell

50
Q

Folate’s Functions: Acts as a ____ in metabolism of certain amino acids.

A

coenzyme

51
Q

Folate’s Functions: Helps w/ the synthesis of ____ and ____.

A

DNA

RNA

52
Q

Folate’s Functions: Helps with normal cell ____ & ____.

A

division

developement

53
Q

Folate is a _____-soluble vitamin

A

water(-soluble)

54
Q

________-soluble vitamins aren’t stored in the body, and thus we need to consume them every day.

A

water

55
Q

Folate is associated with _____ _______ defects

A

neural tube (defects)

56
Q

Deficiency of this vitamin is typically associated with neural tube defects

A

Folate

57
Q

___ plays a key role during pregnancy in the synthesis of proteins needed for the normal development of fetal tissues.

A

Folate

58
Q

Daily intake of ___ mcg/day of folic acid before and early during pregnancy reduces the chance of developing neural tube defects

A

400

59
Q

Grain products have been fortified with folic acid since ____ - you’re able to tell if fortified if there’s _____ _____ on the label or in the ingredients.

A

1998

folic acid

60
Q

What are two fantastic sources of folate?

A

Edamame

Lentils

61
Q

_____ deficiency can cause “megaloblastic anemia”

A

Folate

62
Q

what is another name for Vitamin A?

A

Retinol

63
Q

Carotenoids are associated with Vitamin __

A

A

64
Q

Adequate Vitamin A intake prevents some forms of ____.

A

blindness

65
Q

Adequate Vitamin A intake reduces the severity of the ____ and other ____ diseases

A

measles

infectious

66
Q

Vitamin used to treat acne, wrinkles, and live (aging) spots.

A

vitamin A

67
Q

Women who’re pregnant or may become pregnant should not use vitamin-__ derived medications.

A

A

68
Q

Good source of vitamin A

A

sweet potato

69
Q

Hypovitaminosis A

A

vitamin A deficiency

70
Q

Hypovitaminosis A

A

vitamin A deficiency

71
Q

_____________, a deficiency of Vitamin A, results in night blindness, permanent blindness, impaired immunity, rough, scaly, or dry skin, or keratinization.

A

Hypovitaminosis A

72
Q

Hypervitaminosis A

A

Vitamin A toxicity

73
Q

Hypervitaminosis A

A

vitamin A toxicity

74
Q

_____________ - or vitamin A toxicity - can cause osteoporosis and comes mostly from supplements.

A

Hypervitaminosis A

75
Q

UL for Vitamin A for adults is _____ mcg RAE

A

3,000

76
Q

Preg-o women should be cautious with their consumption of Vitamin A because it can cause ?

A

birth defects

77
Q

Beta-carotene can turn your skin ?

A

yellow

78
Q

“sunshine vitamin”

A

Vitamin D

79
Q

Vitamin D is make in the ___ and is derived from ____ and _____ light.

A

skin
cholesterol
UV

80
Q

Vitamin D - not enough exposure to the sun makes it essential to consume in your ____.

A

diet

81
Q

Vitamin D is activated in the ___ and _____.

A

kidneys and liver

82
Q

Vitamin D: “from _____ to _____ _____.”

A

osteoporosis

chronic inflammation

83
Q

Vitamin D: Combats _____ _____.

A

chronic inflammation

84
Q

Vitamin D: regulates ____ secretion and ____ _____ level.

A

insulin

blood glucose

85
Q

Vitamin D: Facilitates absorption and utilization of _____.

A

calcium

86
Q

Vitamin D: Facilitates absorption and utilization of _____.

A

calcium

87
Q

Function(s) of vitamin D: Acts as a ____.

A

hormone

88
Q

Function(s) of vitamin D: Helps _____ growth and maintenance.

A

bone

89
Q

Function(s) of vitamin D: regulates ____ and ____ synthesis.

A

calcium

protein

90
Q

Function(s) of vitamin D: Possibly regulates cardiovascular _____.

A

function

91
Q

Name three great sources of Vitamin D (foods).

A

Cod liver oil
Rainbow trout
Salmon

92
Q

Except for ____, few foods are naturally rich in Vitamin D.

A

fish

93
Q

Most of the vitamin D in our diets come from

A

vitamin-D fortified foods

94
Q

For those with darker skin, it takes more time for the sun to ____ _____.

A

penetrate skin

95
Q

Recommended intake for Vitamin D for adults is ____ mcg or ___ IU/day.

A

15

600

96
Q

Most people do not consume adequate vitamin D in their diets and the majority of their Vitamin D is from exposure of their skin to _____ sunlight.

A

direct

97
Q

Vitamin C’s Functions -

acts as a ____ in biological reactions.

A

coenzyme

98
Q

Vitamin C’s Functions - aids in ____ production.

A

hormone

99
Q

Vitamin C’s Functions: involved in ____ synthesis.

A

collagen

100
Q

Vitamin C’s Functions: is an _____.

A

antioxidant

101
Q

if just take supplements, we don’t get all the other ____.

A

nutrients

102
Q

Sources of vitamin C

A

Guavas, gold kiwi fruit, green peppers and chilli peppers

103
Q

Scurvy =

A

vitamin C deficiency

104
Q

vitamin C deficiency

A

scurvy

105
Q

UL for vitamin C is ____ mg

A

2,000

106
Q

Vitamin C toxicity may cause ____, ____, and increased risk of _____ stones

A

diarrhea
bloating
kidney

107
Q

2 vitamins sensitive to heat (i.e., water-soluble) -

A

vitamin C & folate

108
Q

vitamin C & folate have the highest rates of loss so keep them in the least amount of ____.

A

water

109
Q

To get adequate vitamins without getting too much, CONSUME __ OR _____ SERVINGS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EACH DAY; also, eat ____ foods.

A

5 or more

fortified

110
Q

intake levels to prevent deficiency and other chronic diseases

A

Dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

HeaL 257 (6 decks)

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