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PDC > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin Supplementation

Bone Strength

A

Calcium, Vitamin D, Magnesium

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2
Q

Vitamin Supplementation

Physical Energy

A

B-complex vitamins, [Chromium

+Guarana Blend (Ginseng),] + Caffeine (HTN-NO GO)

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3
Q

Vitamin Supplementation

Healthy Skin

A

Vitamin A, C, E

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4
Q

Vitamin Supplementation

Ocular

A

Vitamin A, Lycopene and Lutein

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5
Q

Vitamin Supplementation

Antioxidants

A

Vitamins A, C, E, Zinc

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6
Q

Special Considerations for Certain Populations:

Males and Females
> 50 years of age

A

Vitamin B12

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7
Q

Special Considerations for Certain Populations:

Females
Postmenopausal

A

Calcium + vitamin D

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8
Q

Special Considerations for Certain Populations:

Females
Breastfeeding

A

400 IU/ day of vitamin D

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9
Q

Special Considerations for Certain Populations:

A

Females
Childbearing age or pregnant

Vitamin A, Iron, Folic Acid

400 mcg/ day of folic acid (Increased dose in pregnancy)
Iron supplement (pregnancy)
Decreased vitamin A (pregnancy)
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10
Q

Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid

Uses

A 
Antioxidant
Immune function
Common cold
Wound healing 
Improves the absorption of non-heme iron
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11
Q

Vitamin C Deficiency (rare)

A

Scurvy

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12
Q

Vitamin C

Increased amounts of Vitamin C

A

Diarrhea*** (over 2 grams), avoid mega doses in pregnant women.

Nephrolithiasis—(KIDNEY STONES!!!)

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13
Q

Causes of Folic Acid Deficiency

A

Medications (Methotrexate, trimethoprim (Folate antagonist—decrease folic acid levels,

Anticonvulsants, —decrease folice acid levels sulfasalazine)

Alcoholism
Malabsorption

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14
Q

What is Folic Acid closely related too?

A

The function is closely related to vitamin B12

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15
Q

What are the uses of Folic Acid?

Pteroylglutamic acid

A

Pregnancy- folic acid deficiency has been associated with neural tube defects in newborns((

Anemia

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16
Q

What are the uses for Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) ?

A

Metabolism of folate – Propertional with B12

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17
Q

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Deficiency signs and symptoms?

A

Want to uses in older Adults**

Lethargy, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, and megaloblastic anemia

Paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, unsteadiness, poor muscular coordination, agitation hallucinations

Problems with balance, depression, confusion, poor memory, and soreness of the mouth or tongue

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18
Q

Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Medications (i.e. metformin)*****

Older adults – anyone older than 50

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19
Q

What are the uses of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?

A

Immune function—And ENERGY!!!

Brain development during pregnancy and infancy***

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20
Q

What are the potential benefits of Vitamin B6?

A

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy – Morning Sickness (possible)

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome - PMS
Depression

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21
Q

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency symptoms?

A

Anemia, itchy rash, scaly skin on the lips, cracks at the corner of the mouth, and a swollen tongue

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22
Q

Drug interactions for Vitamin Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?

A

Isoniazid – u need to take B6 50mg DAILY REQUIRED***

Phenobarbital/ phenytoin – B6 decreases concentration

Levodopa – B6 breaks down LEVODAPA—it does not help
—> just take Carbidopa

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23
Q

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) uses?

A

Dyslipidemia

  • –Decreases TG and LDL
  • –Increases HDL
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24
Q

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) symptoms?

Immediate Release

A

Itching, flushing-Histamine Release, headache

Can take ASA or NSAID 30 minutes prior**

25
Q

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) symptoms?

Extended Release

A

Less flushing and once daily dosing.

increase in gastric adverse effects and increase risk of hepatotoxicy ***

26
Q

Vitamin B3 Deficiency Symptoms?

A

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia – Pellagra -3D’s

3D’s

27
Q

Adverse Effects (niacin toxicity?

Vitamin B3 toxcity?

A

GI symptoms (i.e. nausea ,vomiting, diarrhea)

Hepatotoxicity – NEVER REC for any patients with Hepatic insufficiency

Rash

28
Q

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

What patients should get them?

A

Vitamin supplement containing thiamin should be prescribed for the alcoholic patient

29
Q

(Vitamine B1) Thiamin Deficiency?

A

Alcoholism*
–Inadequate diet

Neuromuscular symptoms (i.e. peripheral neuritis, weakness, and
 Wernicke’s encephalopathy) – Eyes going into different directions!!!
30
Q

Thiamin

A

B1

31
Q

Riboflavin

A

B2

32
Q

Niacin

A

B3

33
Q

Pantothenic Acid

A

B5

34
Q

Pyridoxine

A

B6

35
Q

Cyanocobalamin

A

B12

36
Q

Whats Vitamin B Complex used for?

A

Energy

37
Q

(Ascorbic Acid)

A

Vitamin C

38
Q

Vitamin E : Uses

A

Antioxidant

Immune function

39
Q

Vitamin E contents?

What is is good for?

A

Alpha-tocopherol***

-Wound healing - decreases the time to heal.

40
Q

Vitamin D ADR?

A

Adverse effects (Vitamin D toxicity)—Or HYPERCALCIMEIA

Polyuria, arrhythmias anorexia

Nephrolithiasis (kidneys stones)

41
Q

Vitamin D: DDI?

A

Drug Interactions

  • Phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbiturates
  • -Increases metabolism of vitamin D
42
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency?

A

Rickets – mainly in children (Children born to vegan families)

Failure of bone tissue to mineralize properly, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformities.

Osteomalacia

43
Q

D2

A

Ergocalciferol

44
Q

D3

A

Cholecalciferol

45
Q

Vitamin A Safety Considerations

DDI?

A

Orlistat, cholestyramine

46
Q

Vitamin A Safety Considerations

Pregnancy/ women of childbearing age?

A

Avoid vitamin A doses above dietary reference intake; physical birth defects- teratogenicity

47
Q

Vitamin A Deficiency

A

Nyctalopia (night blindness) – lose vision at night.

Xerophthalmia (dry eye)

48
Q

Vitamin A Uses?

A

Antioxidant activity* ->
(A.C.E.->Vitamin A, C,E)

Vision – 50,000 children in 3rd world go blind over deviancy.

49
Q

Vitamins with Antioxidant activity?

A

A.C.E

Vitamin A, C, and E.

some in Zinc (mineral)

50
Q

Vitamin A compounds?

A

Retinoids (i.e. Retinol)

Carotenoids (i.e. beta-carotene) over REtinial

Lutein and Lycopene –Acuvit – Good for Vision

51
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamin Deficiency

Medications Responsible?

lipids and absorption is facilitated by bile

A

Cholestyramine

Orlistat – Alli (must take multivitamin daily and take offer 2 hours of administration. (before or after???)

Mineral Oil– (binds to all fat vitamin) never reccommed mineral oil

52
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

Generally stored in the body so ingestion of excessive quantities may be toxic –HyperVItamin OSIS

Fat- use need bile to absorbs fats and helps be excreted?? It in the boidy

53
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

B-complex, C

Generally NOT stored in the body and excessive quantities tend to be excreted via the urine

Water—just excreted out

54
Q

Clinical Situations in Which Vitamin Deficiency Syndromes Occur

A

Poverty, elderly, alcoholics, restrictive diets (i.e. vegan)

Alcoholism (increases folate metabolism- not absorbing folic acid), genetic polymorphisms

55
Q

What advice would you give Warfarin patient who constantly eats vitamin K?

A

Take Vitamin K – consistently

56
Q

What makes your pee bright yellow?

A

Vitamin B complex

57
Q

What’s Vitamin B12 great for?

A

ENERGY

58
Q

Nutrient Supplementation:

Why should people take it?

A

Vitamin and mineral supplements should be used as adjuncts to a balanced diet

Deficiency states should be treated under medical supervision

Natural” vitamin products are frequently
supplemented with synthetic vitamins
(i.e. Vitamin C with rose hips)

PDC (6 decks)

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