Vitamins

Question 1

Biotin

Answer 1

Carboxylation rxns - pyruvate carbox, acetyl CoA carbox

def - rare! avidin in raw eggs
alopecia

Question 2

Thiamine (B1)

Answer 2

Decarboxylation rxns - pyruvate dehydro, alphaKG dehydro, transketolase (only req thiamine - others req TLCFN), BCKAD

def - due to alcoholism
Wernicke (ataxia, nystagmus, opthalmoplegia)
Korsakoff (confab, psychosis)
Beri-Beri (high outputHF, neuro symptoms)

Question 3

Niacin (B3)

NAD, NADP

Answer 3

Ox/Red rxns

def - Pellagra (4 Ds = dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, death)

Question 4

Folic acid

THF

Answer 4

methyl carriers - thymidylate synth

def - alcoholics and preg (body storage depletion in 3 months)
homocystinemia with risk of DVT and atherosclerosis
megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects in fetus

Question 5

Cyancobalamin

B12

Answer 5

Homocysteine methyltransferase
Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

def - pernicious anemia, ileal resection, crohns, pancreatitis, etc

megaloblastic anemia, progresive peripheral neuropathy

Question 6

Pyridoxine (B6)

PLP

Answer 6

Transamination rxns - AST, ALT, delta-aminolevulinate synthase

def - isoniazid therapy
sideroblastic anemia, cheliosis/stomatitis (cracking or scaling of corners of mouth), convulsions

Question 7

Riboflavin (B2)

FADH2

Answer 7

Ox/Red rxns

def - cheliosis/stomatitis (cracking/scaling of corers of mouth), magenta-colored tongue

Question 8

Ascorbate (vit C)

Answer 8

Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases, dopamine hydroxylase

def - diet def in fruits/green vegetables
INC bleeding time, normal PT time
scurvy - poor wound healing, easy bruise, bleeding gums, painful glossitis

Question 9

E (alpha-tocopherol)

Answer 9

Lipid phase antioxidant - protects membrane from peroxidation

def - hemolytic anemia, acanthocytosis, periph neuropathy, ataxia, dorsal column and spinocerebellar tract degen!