Vitamins Flashcards
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B4 (Adenine)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Vitamin B6 (Pyrodoxine)
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Vitamin B8 (Inositol)
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Vitamin D (Calciferol)
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone/Menadione)
For dark adaptation; Necessary for normal growth and development; bones will stop growing if insufficient; health of epithelial tissues; antioxidant
Vitamin A (Retinol)
For muscle, heart, brain, and nerve functioning; helps body convert food into energy (carbohydrate metabolism)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Retinol deficiency
- Xerosis (abnormal drying of conjunctiva)
- Xeropthalmia (night blindness)
- lens opacity
- retarded growth
- lower resistance to infection
- faulty dental and skeletal development
- skin lesions
Retinol Toxicity
- Liver damage
- Mild dermatitis
- Skin thickening and peeling
- Coarse, sparse hair
- Hyper Carotenemia
Retinol Food Sources
- dairy products
- liver
- green to yellow fruits
- vegetables
- Absorption of calcium and phosphorous
- bone mineralization
- essential for growth and development
Vitamin D (Calciferol)
Calciferol Deficiency
Rickets (poor growth and bone deformation)
Tetany (abnormal muscle twitching)
Osteomalacia (softening of bone)
Calciferol Toxicity
- Irritability
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Constipation
- Kidney Stone
- Hypercalcemia
- Weight loss
Calciferol Food Sources
- Fish liver
- Oils
- Prevent tissue breakdown (antioxidant)
- Cholesterol reduction
- Skin Care
- Anti inflammatory
- Pain relief
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
Tocopherol Toxicity
- Anemia
- Poor balance
- Hair loss
- Dry skin
- Cancer
- Muscle weakness
- Leg cramps
- Atherosclerosis
- Blindness
- Fertility problems
- Immunity
Tocopherol Toxicity
No reported toxicity
For blood clotting process
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone/Menadione)
Phylloquinone / Menadione Deficiency
- Hemmorhagic disease
- Delayed blood clotting
Phylloquinone / Menadione Toxicity
- Vomiting
- Hemolysis
- Albuminura (presence of albumin in urine; symptomatic of kidney disease)
Thiamine Deficiency
- Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
- Confusion
- Ataxia
- Coma
- Ocular disturbances
- Korsakov’s syndome (short term memory loss)
- Beri beri
thiamine toxicity
no reported toxicity
thiamine food sources
- whole grain
- cereals
- pork
- legume
- nuts
