Vitamins Flashcards
Give at least 3 importance of vitamins
- An organic nutrient
- Required in extremely small quantities in the diet
- Essential for normal metabolism
- When def or not present in adequate quantity, def symptom may develop
- Can’t normally be synthesized in animal’s body
Give 3 Vitamins that can be synthesize by the body
- Vit D – synthesized by animals exposed to
sunlight - Niacin – can be synthesized in some animals from a.a. tryptophan
- Vit C – can be synthesized by most animals
except primates
What can happen in Vit C deficiency?
weakened immune system
formation of sores in gums
4 Fat Soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
2 Water soluble vits
B & C
Inactivated form of Vit D. where would it go after being absorbed by the skin?
25-hydroxycholecalciferol
liver
activated form of Vit D.
Where would it go after being processed by the liver?
1-25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
kidneys
True or False:
1. fat soluble vits are poorly excreted
2. All types of water soluble vits are readily excreted in urine
- true
- false, vit b12 is not readily excreted in the urine
- are organic substances needed in much smaller amounts, compared to CHO, fats and CHONS
- being organic substances, they contain C, H and O
Vitamins
All B Vits contain nitrogen, except:
Inositol
___ and ____ contain sulfur while ___ has cobalt
- thiamine
- biotin
- cobalamin
3 examples of vit A and its function
retinol, retinal, retinoic acid
to improve eye sight
What is the chemical name for Vit D and what is its function?
cholecalciferol
calcium absorption for bone formation
chemical name for vit E and its function
tocopherol
helps to maintain fur, skin, and for fertility
examples of vit K and its function
phylloquinone, menaquinone
for blood clotting
give the 12 water soluble vitamins
B1, B2, B6, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, B12, Biotin, Folic Acid, choline, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), Vit c
what is vit B1
thiamine
what is vit b2
riboflavin
what is vit b6 (3)
pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine
what is niacin (3)
nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, niacinamide
what is vit b12
cobalamine
what is folic acid (2)
folacin, pteroylmonoglutamic acid
what is vit c
ascorbic acid
- transmits light stimuli from the retina to the brain
- def. is characterized by night blindness or reduced ability to see in dim light
Vit A (retinol)
Excessive def. of vit a results to development of _____ (dry eyes) and _____
xerophthalmia and conjunctivitis
Deficiency of this vit causes retained placenta, birth of blind and uncoordinated neonates
Vit A
- anti- rachitic vitamins (to prevent bone deformities)
- functions are associated with Ca and P
Vitamin D
Vit D with animal origin
vit d3, CHOLEcalciferol
vit d with plant origin
vit d2, ERGOcalciferol
- commonly known as anti – sterility vitamin.
- a natural antioxidant
- function as a metabolic regulator of the cell nucleus
- related to Se in preventing muscular dystrophy
Vit E (tocopherol)
- def. can lead to reproductive problem
- excellent sources are cereal grains and prepared hays
Vit E tocopherol
- anti – hemorrhagic vitamin (1)
- required in blood clotting through
______ formation - can be synthesized in the intestines
and is seldom deficient in livestock
Vit K phylloquinone
prothrombin
def. results to prolonged blood
clotting, and in severe cases,
hemorrhage
- green forages and well cured hays
has ample amount of this vitamin
vit k phylloquinone
- an anti – neuritic vitamin
- functions as co – enzyme in energy metabolism
- excellent sources are cereal grains
- rice bran is being used as raw material for thiamine preparation (tiki – tiki)
Vit b1 thiamine
- deficient animals exhibit general weakness and low appetite – poor growth (1)
- def. in human leads to development of _____
vit b1 thiamine
beri-beri
- functions in several enzyme systems related to protein and energy metabolism
- found in milk and milk products, green forages and hay
vit b2 riboflavin
- def. results to dermatitis and slow growth
vit b2 riboflavin
- plays an impt role in enzyme systems
related to CHO, CHON and fat
metabolism - cereal grains relatively do not contain this
Niacin (Nicotinamide, Niacinamide)
- def. results to dermatitis and retarded
growth (1) - ____ (black tongue disease) is
attributed to this deficiency in poultry
Niacin (Nicotinamide, Niacinamide)
pellagra
- is impt as a coenzyme in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism
- feeds of vegetable origin contain ample amounts of this vit
vit b6 pyridoxine
def. includes poor growth, anemia and convulsion
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
- a component of coenzyme A needed in various activation reactions in the metabolism of nutrients
- widely distributed in various feeds
Pantothenic acid
“goose – stepping” gait in pigs indicated deficiency
Pantothenic acid
- is involved in carboxylation reactions and fatty acid synthesis (1)
- normally synthesized in the intestines
- ____ substance found in egg white produces
this deficiency
biotin
avidin
def. is characterized by dermatitis and weight loss. the body won’t be able to use fats as energy source if deficient in this.
biotin
- is involved in DNA synthesis, particularly in the biosynthesis in _____ (1&2)
- is involved in the transfer of single carbon units in various biochemical reactions
- common sources are cereals, milk and yeast
Folic acid (Folacin, Pteroylmonoglutamic acid)
purines
- prolonged administration of sulfa drugs causes def. of this vitamin
- def. results to anemia and growth retardation, in poultry – poor egg prod’n and hatchability
Folic acid (Folacin, Pteroylmonoglutamic acid)
- impt in transmethylation reactions and in fat
metabolism in the liver - its derivative, acetylcholine, is involved in the
transmission of nerve impulses - common sources are yeast, liver and cereals
choline
- def. results to poor growth and fatty infiltration in the liver (1)
- _____ (slipped tendon) in chicks is attributed to this vit def.
- surplus of this vit have methionine sparing effect
choline
perosis
- functions as a coenzyme in various biochemical reactions (propionic acid metabolism and red blood cell maturation)
- sources are feeds of animal origin, such as meat meal and fish meal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin)
- def. will lead to pernicious anemia
- since cobalt is a component of this vit, def of this mineral also results to this vit def.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin)
- is essential for growth of some microorganisms responsible for synthesis of other vitamins in the rumen
Para – aminobenzoic acid
- popularly known as anti – stress vitamin
- impt in form’n and maintenance of collagenous intercellular material (1)
- also has involvement in and in _____ hydroxylation of praline and lysine
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Hematopoiesis
true or false:
Vit A does not occur in plant
products rather as carotenoids or pro
Vit A (beta carotene)
true
