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Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamins are __ compounds

A

organic, essential for creating/use of energy

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2
Q

Minerals are __ compounds

A

Inorganic, chemical elements

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3
Q

Vitamins and minerals are ___ produced by the human body

A

Not

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4
Q

Reasons to supplement

A
  1. malnutrition
  2. increased physiologic needs
  3. poor absorption
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5
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK
well retained in body, more toxicity risk
stored in adipose, muscle, liver
takes TIME to reach deficiency state
Slow CL

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6
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

BC
readily excreted in urine
not well retained in the body except B12 in liver

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7
Q

Vitamin A deficiency presentation

A

Dermatitis
Night blindness
Bitot’s spots
Poor wound healing

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8
Q

Vitamin A deficiency cause

A

Fat malabsorption (A is fat soluble)
Infection (role in immunity)
Alcoholism (poor intake)

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9
Q

Vitamin D deficiency presentation

A

Bone problems
Rickets
Muscle weakness
poor growth

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10
Q

Vitamin D deficiency cause

A

Fat malabsorption
Lack of sunlight
Older adults
Chronic renal/liver disease

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11
Q

Vitamin E deficiency presentation

A

Hemolysis
Peripheral neuropathy
Skeletal muscle atrophy

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12
Q

Vitamin E deficiency cause

A

Fat malabsorption
Genetic abnormalities

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13
Q

Vitamin K deficiency presentation

A

Bleeding
elevated PTT

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14
Q

Vitamin K deficiency causes

A

Fat malabsorption
broad-spectrum antibiotics suppress gut flora

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15
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency presentation

A

Thiamine
Early = anorexia, fatigue, depression, impaired memory

Late = paresthesia, wernicke’s encephalopathy

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16
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency presentation

A

Pyridoxine
Microcytic anemia
Limb numbness/paresthesia
Convulsions
Pellagra

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17
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency causes

A

dialysis
alcoholism
bariatric surgery

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18
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency causes

A

isoniazid
seizure/neuropathy meds >2g

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19
Q

Vitamin B9 deficiency presentation

A

aka Folic acid
macrocytic anemia
Neural tube defects

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20
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency presentation

A

spinal cord degeneration
peripheral neuropathy
macrocytic anemia

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21
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency cause

A

Older age - less b12 absorption

22
Q

Vitamin B9 deficiency cause

A

Pregnancy
Malignancy
Alcoholism

23
Q

Vitamin C deficiency presentation

A

Scurvy
- petechiae, bleeding gums, poor wound healing

24
Q

Vitamin C deficiency cause

A

Excess Iron absorption
Alcoholism

25
Q

Alcoholism is cause for ____ deficiency

A

Vitamin A, B9, B1, C

26
Q

Genetic abnormalities can cause ___ deficiency

27
Q

Hemodialysis and bariatric surgery can cause ___ deficiency

A

B1 thiamine

28
Q

Macrocytic anemia is due to ____ deficiency

A

Vitamin B9 or B12

29
Q

Microcytic anemia is due to ____ deficiency

30
Q

Special populations that require specific supplementation

A
  1. eating disorder
  2. alcoholics
  3. pregnancy
  4. pediatrics
  5. elderly
  6. macular degeneration
31
Q

Eating disorder

A

prevent refeeding sydrome
- super low electrolytes, seizure risk, hypoxia, respiratory failiure

32
Q

Alcoholics

A
  1. Replenish fluids and electrolytes and fat soluble vitamins
  2. supplement thiamine to prevent wernicke’s
  3. Folic acid to prevent macrocytic anemia
33
Q

Pregnancy

A

prenatal vitamins – folic and iron most important

34
Q

Pediatrics

A

breast milk + vitamin D and iron
avoid cow milk until 12 months (GI bleed, anemia, acidosis)

35
Q

Elderly

A

Need more nutrients, but fewer calories
K,C,D,B12
fiber

36
Q

B12 in elderly

A

major role in cognitive function ,RBC production, nerve function
requires acid to absorb, which older have less acidic

37
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Supplement ACE
A= retinal pigment
CE = antioxidants

+Lutein/Zeaxanthin maybe benefit

38
Q

Drug interactions with vitamins

A

Antacids
Abx
H2RAs
PPI
Izoniazid
Methotrexate
Warfarin
ACE/ARB
Diuretics

39
Q

antacids

A

thiamine deficiency

40
Q

Abx

A

vitamin K deficiency

41
Q

H2RA

A

B12 and Ca malabsorption (req. acid)

42
Q

PPI

A

IRON, B12 and Ca malabsorption (req. acid)

43
Q

Isoniazid

A

B3 and B6 deficiency

44
Q

Methotrexate

A

Folic acid deficiency

45
Q

Warfarin

A

Vitamin K –drug antitode
A,C,E – may inhibit PTT

46
Q

ACEiARB

A

lose zinc in urine

47
Q

Diuretics

A

Lose mg, K, zinc in urine

48
Q

Major minerals >100 mg/day

A

Ca, Cl, Mg, Phos, K, Na, S

49
Q

Trace minerals <100 mg/day

A

Iron, zinc, selenium, copper, fluoride, Chromium, nickel, etc

50
Q

Correct calcium before determining deficiency

A

Ca + 0.8(4-albumin)

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