Vitamins Flashcards
Vitamins are __ compounds
organic, essential for creating/use of energy
Minerals are __ compounds
Inorganic, chemical elements
Vitamins and minerals are ___ produced by the human body
Not
Reasons to supplement
- malnutrition
- increased physiologic needs
- poor absorption
Fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
well retained in body, more toxicity risk
stored in adipose, muscle, liver
takes TIME to reach deficiency state
Slow CL
Water soluble vitamins
BC
readily excreted in urine
not well retained in the body except B12 in liver
Vitamin A deficiency presentation
Dermatitis
Night blindness
Bitot’s spots
Poor wound healing
Vitamin A deficiency cause
Fat malabsorption (A is fat soluble)
Infection (role in immunity)
Alcoholism (poor intake)
Vitamin D deficiency presentation
Bone problems
Rickets
Muscle weakness
poor growth
Vitamin D deficiency cause
Fat malabsorption
Lack of sunlight
Older adults
Chronic renal/liver disease
Vitamin E deficiency presentation
Hemolysis
Peripheral neuropathy
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Vitamin E deficiency cause
Fat malabsorption
Genetic abnormalities
Vitamin K deficiency presentation
Bleeding
elevated PTT
Vitamin K deficiency causes
Fat malabsorption
broad-spectrum antibiotics suppress gut flora
Vitamin B1 deficiency presentation
Thiamine
Early = anorexia, fatigue, depression, impaired memory
Late = paresthesia, wernicke’s encephalopathy
Vitamin B6 deficiency presentation
Pyridoxine
Microcytic anemia
Limb numbness/paresthesia
Convulsions
Pellagra
Vitamin B1 deficiency causes
dialysis
alcoholism
bariatric surgery
Vitamin B6 deficiency causes
isoniazid
seizure/neuropathy meds >2g
Vitamin B9 deficiency presentation
aka Folic acid
macrocytic anemia
Neural tube defects
Vitamin B12 deficiency presentation
spinal cord degeneration
peripheral neuropathy
macrocytic anemia