Vitamins

Question 0

Vitamin A: Deficiency.

Answer 0

Night blindness, dry skin, perifollicular hyperkeratosis, xerothalmia, keratomalacia, increased morbidity and mortality in young children.

Question 1

Vitamin A: Nutrient

Answer 1

Retinol.

Question 2

Vitamin D: Nutrient.

Answer 2

Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol.

Question 3

Vitamin D: Deficiency.

Answer 3

Rickets (sometimes with tentany), osteomalacia, and hypocalcemic tetany.

Question 4

Vitamin E: Nutrient.

Answer 4

alpha-tocopheral, other tocopherols, tocotrienols.

Question 5

Vitamin E: Deficiency.

Answer 5

RBC hemolysis/fragility, neurologic deficits.

Question 6

Vitamin K: Nutrient.

Answer 6

Phylloquinone, Menaquinone.

Question 7

Vitamin K: Deficiency.

Answer 7

Bleeding due to deficiency of prothrombin and other factors, osteopenia.

Question 8

Vitamin B1: Nutrient.

Answer 8

Thiamin.

Question 9

Vitamin B1: Deficiency.

Answer 9

Beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, heart failure), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Question 10

Vitamin B2: Nutrient.

Answer 10

Riboflavin, R-5-P (riboflavin-5’-phosphate).

Question 11

Vitamin B2: Deficiency.

Answer 11

Cheilosis (inflammation of lips), angular stomatitis (inflammation of the lips), corneal vascularization.

Question 12

Vitamin B3: Nutrient.

Answer 12

Niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, niacinamide.

Question 13

Vitamin B3: Deficiency.

Answer 13

Pellagra (4Ds: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death), and Beefy Glossitis.

Question 14

Vitamin B5: Nutrient.

Answer 14

Pantothenate, Dexpanthenol.

Question 15

Vitamin B5: Deficiency.

Answer 15

Dermatitis, Enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency.

Question 16

Vitamin B6: Nutrient.

Answer 16

Phyridoxine, pyridoxamine, converted to pyridoxal PO4.

Question 17

Vitamin B6: Deficiency.

Answer 17

Seizures, anemia, neuropathies, seborrheic dermatitis.

Question 18

Vitamin B12: Nutrient.

Answer 18

Cobalamins (cyano-, hydroxy-, methyl-)

Question 19

Vitamin B12: Deficiency.

Answer 19

Megablastic anemia; neurological deficits (confusion, paresthesias, ataxia, optic neuropathy, subactue combined degeneration); glossitis.

Question 20

Vitamin B9: Nutrient.

Answer 20

Folate, folic acid.

Question 21

Vitamin B9: Deficiency.

Answer 21

Megablastic anemia, Neural tube birth defects, mental confusion.

Question 22

Vitamin C: Nutrient.

Answer 22

Ascorbic Acid.

Question 23

Vitamin C: Deficiency.

Answer 23

Scurvy (hemorrhages, bruising, anemia, loose teeth, gingivitis, bone defects), poor wound healing.

Question 24

Vitamin B7: Nutrient.

Answer 24

Biotin.

Question 25

Vitamin B7: Deficiency.

Answer 25

Dermatitis, enteritis. Also, deficiency caused by raw egg consumption.

Question 26

Zinc: Nutrient.

Answer 26

Zn (-Cl, SO4, Gluconate, [oxide])

Question 27

What is Kwashiorkor? And what does M.E.A.L. stand for?

Answer 27

Protein malnutrition.
Malnutrition.
Edema
Anemia
Liver (fatty)

Question 28

What is Marasmus?

Answer 28

Carbohydrate malnutrition.