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BNF Chapter 9 - Blood and Nutrition > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Prolonged use of which dose of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is considered safe?

A

10mg OD.

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2
Q

Prolonged use of which dose of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) may lead to an increased risk of neuropathy?

A

200mg + daily.

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3
Q

how should thiamine be administered IV?

A

By infusion over 30 minutes.

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4
Q

Which facilities should be available when IV thiamine is administered?

A

Facilities for treating anaphylaxis due to risk of potentially serious allergic adverse reactions.

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5
Q

What is vitamin D required for?

A

Necessary for normal bone growth. Promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the gut.

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets. Osteoporosis.

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin D toxicity?

A

Hypercalcaemia, abnormal growth, vomiting, nephrocalcinosis.

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8
Q

What is vitamin A required for?

A

Preserves the integrity of epithelial cells. Formation of rhodopsin for low light vision. Necessary for wound repair, growth, and immune function.

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

A

Night blindness, dry eyes, poor bone growth, impaired resistance to infection, papillary hyperkeratosis of the skin.

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin A toxicity?

A

Fatigue, night sweats, vertigo, headache, dry and fissured skin and lips, hyperpigmentation, stunted growth, bone pain, abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, hypercalcaemia.

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11
Q

What are some sources of vitamin A?

A

Breast milk, infant formula, liver, egg yolk, dark green and deep yellow fruit and veg.

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12
Q

What is the function of vitamin E?

A

May function as an antioxidant in the tissues, may also have a role as a coenzyme, neuromuscular function.

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?

A

Haemolytic anaemia in the new-born and premature, hyporeflexia and spinocerebellar and retinal degeneration.

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin E toxicity?

A

May interfere with vitamin K leading to prolonged clotting and bleeding time. In anaemia, suppresses the normal response to iron.

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15
Q

What are some sources of vitamin E?

A

Breast milk. Infant formula. Veg oils. Liver. Egg yolk. Butter. Green leafy veg. Whole-grain bread. Cereals. Fortifies or enriched grain products. Wheat germ.

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16
Q

What is the function of vitamin K?

A

Catalysis prothrombin synthesis. Required for the synthesis of other blood clotting factors. Synthesis by intestinal bacteria.

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency?

A

Prolonged bleeding and prothrombin time. Haemorrhagic manifestations (especially in the newborn).

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin K toxicity?

A

Possible haemolytic anaemia. Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice).

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19
Q

What are some sources of vitamin K?

A

Infant formula. Veg oils. Green leafy veg. Pork. Liver.

20
Q

What is the function of vitamin C/ascorbic acid?

A

Essential in the synthesis of collagen (strengthens tissues, improves wound healing and resistance to infection). Iron absorption and transport. Is a water-soluble antioxidant. Functions in folacin metabolism.

21
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy. Pinpoint peripheral haemorrhages. Bleeding gums. Osmotic diarrhoea.

22
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin C toxicity?

A

Nausea. Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Possible formation of kidney stones.

23
Q

What are some sources of vitamin C?

A

Breast milk. Infant formula. Fruits (citrus, papaya, cantaloup, strawberries). Veg (potatoes, cabbage).

24
Q

What other name does vitamin C go by?

A

Ascorbic acid.

25
Q

What is the function of vitamin B12?

A

Essential for the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins. Needed for RBC maturation. Involved with folate metabolism. Central nervous system metabolism.

26
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Pernicious anaemia. Neurologic degeneration.

27
Q

What are some sources of vitamin B12?

A

Infant formula. Breast milk. Meat. Fish. Poultry. Cheese. Egg yolk. Liver.

28
Q

What other names does vitamin B12 go by?

A

Cyanocobalamin. Hydroxocobalamin. Cobalamin.

29
Q

What is the function of folacin/folate?

A

Essential in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. Necessary for the normal maturation of red blood cells.

30
Q

What are the symptoms of folate deficiency?

A

Poor growth. Megaloblastic anaemia (suspect concurrent deficiency of B12). Impaired cellular immunity.

31
Q

What are the symptoms of folate toxicity?

A

Masking of B12 deficiency symptoms in those with pernicious anaemia not receiving cyanocobalamin.

32
Q

What are some sources of folate?

A

Breast milk. Infant formula. Liver. Green leafy veg. Legumes. Whole-grain bread. Cereals. Fortified or enriched grains. Oranges. Cantaloup. Lean beef.

33
Q

What is the function of vitamin B6?

A

Aids in the synthesis and breakdown of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids from essential fatty acids. Essential for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin. Essential for normal growth.

34
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Microcytic anaemia. Convulsions. Irritability.

35
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B6 toxicity?

A

Sensory neuropathy with progressive ataxia. Photosensitivity.

36
Q

What are some sources of vitamin B6?

A

Breast milk. Infant formula. Liver. Meat. Whole-grain breads. Cereals. Grain products. Legumes. Potatoes.

37
Q

What other name does vitamin B6 go by?

A

Pyridoxine.

38
Q

What is the function of vitamin B1?

A

Combines with phosphorous to form thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) necessary for the metabolism of protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Essential for growth, normal appetite, digestion, and healthy nerves.

39
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency?

A

Beriberi. Neuritis. Oedema. Cardiac failure.

40
Q

Which vitamin is primarily involved in Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

Vitamin B1/thiamine.

41
Q

What are some sources of vitamin B1?

A

Breast milk. Infant formula. Lean pork. Wheat germ. Whole-grain and enriched breads. Cereals. Grain products. Legumes. Potatoes.

42
Q

What other name does vitamin B1 go by?

A

Thaimine.

43
Q

What is the function of vitamin B2?

A

Essential for growth. Plays an enzymatic role in tissue respiration and acts as a transporter of hydrogen ions. Synthesis of FMN and FAD.

44
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B2 deficiency?

A

Photophobia. Cheilosis. Glossitis. Corneal vascularisation. Poor growth.

45
Q

What are some sources of vitamin B2?

A

Breast milk. Infant formula. Meat. Egg yolk. Dairy products. Legumes. Green veg. Whole-grain breads. Cereals. Fortified and enriched grains.

46
Q

What other name does vitamin B2 go by?

A

Riboflavin.

BNF Chapter 9 - Blood and Nutrition (3 decks)

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