vitamins 1

Question 1

2 main roles of water soluble vitamins

Answer 1

1-cellular metabolism of energy

2-supply of nutrients

Question 2

niacin is a component of-

Answer 2

NAD+, NADP+

Question 3

effects of megadoses of niacin

Answer 3

decreased LDL, increased HDL
vasodilation/flushing
increased blood glucose/uric acid

Question 4

niacin can be synthesized from=

Answer 4

tryptophan, although inefficient

Question 5

dz caused by niacin deficiency

Answer 5

pellagra- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

Question 6

thiamine is required for (2)

Answer 6

• TPP (catabolism)

- nerual transmission

Question 7

thiamine requirement increases with

Answer 7

increased calories, because of its role in catabolism

Question 8

beriberi

Answer 8

thiamine def, sx- peripheral neuropathy, mm atrophy, heart failure/edema(wet form)

Question 9

wernike-korsakoff syndrome

Answer 9

thiamine def due to excess eton that inhibits thiamine absorption

Question 10

riboflavin found in-

Answer 10

FMN, FAD

Question 11

riboflavin def sx-

Answer 11

oral lesions, dermatitis

Question 12

main role of enzymes that require B6 as cofactor

Answer 12

amino acid reactions

Question 13

increased B6 requirement with-

Answer 13

increased protein in diet and pregnancy

Question 14

pantothenic acid is involved with-

Answer 14

coenzyme A

“ubiquitious”

Question 15

biotin is involved with-

Answer 15

reactions involving CO2 (carboxylation) and alters chromatin structure through histones

Question 16

what is avidin?

Answer 16

component of raw egg white, causes biotin def bc it binds tightly to it and prevents absorption

Question 17

folic acid is invoked with-

Answer 17

transfer of 1 carbon group, regeneration of Met from homocysteine, aa synthesis

Question 18

folate def will affect __ first

Answer 18

rapidly dividing cells

Question 19

contained in the ring structure of B12

Answer 19

cobalt

Question 20

2 key runs catalyzed by B12

Answer 20

1-homocysteine –> methionine

2-methylmalonic-coA –> succinyl-CoA

Question 21

test for B12 def

Answer 21

urine test for methylmalonic acid (will be high in def)

Question 22

risk of treating B12 def with folate

Answer 22

will treat the anemia, but irreversible neurological damage can result

Question 23

2 def that cause megaloblastic anemia

Answer 23

folate

B12

Question 24

3 def that cause microcytic anemia

Answer 24

iron, copper, B6

Question 25

def that causes hemolytic anemia

Answer 25

vit E

Question 26

vit c hydroxylates ___ in collagen

Answer 26

proline and lysine

Question 27

vit c enhances the absorption of

Answer 27

iron

Question 28

__ is used to regenerate ascorbic acid

Answer 28

glutathione (GSH)

Question 29

too much bit c can cause

Answer 29

diarrhea, kidney stones

Question 30

pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is treated by:

Answer 30

vit b6 supplement or GABA

Question 31

pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy occurs because of-

Answer 31

defect in lysine pathway that causes accumulation of the metabolite that then reacts with B6 and limits its availability

Question 32

side effect of INH

Answer 32

causes B6 def bc it binds with pyridoxal prior to excretion

Question 33

cirrhosis can cause decreased levels of-

Answer 33

pyridoxine (B6)

thiamine (B1)

Question 34

bili lights will destroy-

Answer 34

riboflavin